imported>Milton Beychok |
imported>Milton Beychok |
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| {{Image|Shell refinery on Pulau Bukom.jpg|right|250px|An industrial air pollution source}} | | {{Image|LANL Organization.png|center|906px|LANL Organization Chart}} |
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| '''DISPERSION21''' (also called '''DISPERSION 2.1''') is a local scale [[Air pollution dispersion modeling|air pollution dispersion model]]<ref name=Turner/><ref name=Schnelle/><ref name=Beychok/> developed by the air quality research unit at [[SMHI]], the ''Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute'', located in [[Norrköping]].<ref name=SMHI-Staff/><ref name=Omstedt/>
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| The model is widely used in Sweden by local and regional environmental agencies, various industrial users, consultant services offered by SMHI and for educational purposes.
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| ==Model description==
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| DISPERSION21 is intended as a tool for calculating air pollutant concentrations originating from industrial or urban air pollutant sources. The model is used in studies to evaluate effects on air quality from existing or planned sources. It is a local-scale [[Air pollution dispersion terminology|Gaussian model]] including [[Air pollution dispersion terminology|plume rise]] and [[Air pollution dispersion terminology|building wake effects]]. A street canyon component with [[NOx|NOx-chemistry]] is included.<ref name=MDS/>
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| Some of the specific features and capabilities of DISPLAY21 are: <ref name=MDS/>
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| *Source types: Multiple [[Air pollution dispersion terminology|point, area , and volume]] sources as well as street canyons.
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| *Source releases: [[Air pollution dispersion terminology|Surface, near surface and elevated sources]].
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| *Source locations: [[Air pollution dispersion terminology|Urban or rural locations]].
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| *Plume types: [[Air pollution dispersion terminology|Continuous or intermittent]] [[Air pollution dispersion terminology|buoyant plumes]]
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| *[[Atmospheric dispersion modeling|Plume dispersion]] treatment: [[Air pollution dispersion terminology|Gaussian model]] treatment using [[Green's function]]s and includes [[Air pollution dispersion terminology|multiple reflections]].
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| *Terrain types: Simple terrain with no more than 10 degree slopes.
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| *Building effects: [[Air pollution dispersion terminology|Building downwash]] algorithms are included.
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| *[[Meteorology|Meteorological]] data: The model includes a preprocessor to produce the meteorological parameters needed to characterize the atmospheric turbulence as well as to produce wind speed and direction profiles.
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| * The street canyon module includes some [[atmospheric chemistry]] for [[photochemistry|photochemical]] reactions.
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| The meteorological preprocessor and the point source part of the model have been extensively evaluated against many datasets. The street canyon part of the model has been tested with highway data. The model has also been tested in extremely stable atmospheric situations with datasets from [[Lycksele]] in Sweden.<ref name=MDS/><ref name=Lycksele/>
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|refs=
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| <ref name=Turner>{{cite book|author=D.B. Turner|title=[[Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates]]| edition=2nd Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year=1994|id=ISBN 1-56670-023-X}} [http://www.crcpress.com/shopping_cart/products/product_detail.asp?sku=L1023&parent_id=&pc= www.crcpress.com]</ref>
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| <ref name=Beychok>{{cite book|author=Beychok, Milton R.|title=[[Fundamentals of Stack Gas Dispersion]]|edition=4th Edition|publisher=author-published|year=2005|id=ISBN 0-9644588-0-2}} [http://www.air-dispersion.com www.air-dispersion.com]</ref>
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| <ref name=Schnelle>{{cite book|author=Karl B. Schnelle and Partha R. Dey|title=Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling Compliance Guide|edition=1st Edition|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional|year=2000|id=ISBN 0-07-058059-6}} Available online at [http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Rk-2uhU7JqAC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=%22Atmospheric+Dispersion+Modeling+Compliance+Guide%22&ots=YS04AwZvET&sig=skDic1BfISl_v4IMLaoVE3eR1QA#v=onepage&q&f=false Google Books]</ref>
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| <ref name=SMHI-Staff>[http://www.smhi.se/en/Research/Research-departments/Air-quality/contact-us-air-quality-research-1.5419 Air Quality Research staff and contacts] From the SMHI website</ref>
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| <ref name=Omstedt>Gunnar Omstedt (1988), ''An operational air pollution model'', SMHI Report RMK 57</ref>
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| <ref name=MDS>[http://acm.eionet.europa.eu/databases/MDS/index_html MDS - Model Documentation System] From the website of the European Environment Information and Observation Network (EIONET)</ref>
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| <ref name=Lycksele>[http://www.harmo.org/conferences/Proceedings/_Garmisch/publishedSections/4.16.pdf Air Quality Dispersion Modelling of Wood Smoke Emissions in Residential Areas in Sweden] Gunnar Omstedt, Christer Johansson and Lars Gidhagen (June 2004), SMHI, 19th International Conference on Harmonisation within Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling for Regulatory Purposes.</ref>
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