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===Antibiotic resistance=== {{main|antibiotic resistance}}

==Human activities promoting antibiotic resistance==

...chia coli]]'', serotype O25:H4, which demonstrates both high virulence and antibiotic resistance, was isolated in Munich. In particular, it has CTX-M beta-lactamases, or be

{{r|Antibiotic resistance}}

{{r|Antibiotic resistance}}

...hcare system, stating that Indian doctors have "not yet taken the issue of antibiotic resistance seriously" and noting little control over the prescription of antibiotics b

..., or for too short a period, since these are the circumstances under which antibiotic resistance in [[bacteria]] develop.

...the plasmid markers are not transferable, reflecting the characteristic of antibiotic resistance.

...ke of foreign DNA. ''S. pneumoniae'' has shown a significant increase in [[antibiotic resistance]] over the past few decades, due to its rapid growth rate and genetic rearr

...v/ncidod/dhqp/pdf/ar/mdroGuideline2006.pdf}}</ref> Given the ability for [[antibiotic resistance]] to transfer among organisms, less common antibiotics may be needed to tre

A new strain, which demonstrates both virulence and antibiotic resistance, was isolated in Munich in 2000. In particular, it has CTX-M beta-lactamase

...reased danger of infectious diseases is [[antibiotic#antibiotic resistance|antibiotic resistance]], especially [[multidrug resistance]]. By themselves, bacteria can transfe | conference = Antibiotic Resistance

...uence and dangerous to a patient’s health. Moreover, Pseudomonas maintains antibiotic resistance plasmids, R-factors and RTFs, and it is able to transfer these genes by [[h

.... While evolutionary biology has long provided a foundation for studies of antibiotic resistance and population genetics, its contributions to many other areas of medicine

...http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/565017_print Insights on Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance: A Review of the Accessory Genome of Staphylococcus aureus]</ref> Some viru

Studies of antibiotic resistance genes provide convincing evidence for wide transmissibility of genes betwee Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a serious on ongoing medical problem.<ref>Kunin,

...Kunitaro Ochia discovered the first interspecies gene transfer, '''mobile antibiotic resistance genes''' in bacteria <ref> Ochia, K. Yamanaka, T. Kimura, K. and Sawada, O.

...eir use of antibiotics, because unappropriate use of antibiotics lead to [[antibiotic resistance]].

...otic resistance]]. They can consist of two IS elements flanking a gene for antibiotic resistance <ref>Snyder, L. and Champness, W. (2003)Transposon and site-specific recomb ...ng for the transfer and permanent addition of genes such as those encoding antibiotic resistance ([[multidrug resistance|multi-antibiotic resistant]] bacterial strains can

...athogens responsible for diverse nosocomial infections. Most strains are [[antibiotic resistance|highly resistant to multiple antibiotics]], such as [[penicillin]], [[tetra