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...lative battles. When it came to fighting wet candidates, especially as [[Al Smith]] in the presidential election of 1928, the League was less effective becau

...n the Fourth Party System.... [but] not until 1928, with the nomination of Al Smith, a northeastern reformer, did Democrats make gains among the urban, blue-co

...of the largest and most critical voting blocs in the New Deal coalition. [[Al Smith]]'s nomination in 1928 had given a strong impetus to registration and votin

...ly pitted dry candidate [[William McAdoo]] against wet New York Governor [[Al Smith]], who drew the opposition of the group because of his [[Roman Catholic Chu ...n Klan violence. The counterattack worked; the state voted for Catholic [[Al Smith]] for president in 1928, and the Klan's official membership in Alabama plun

...together gave him the Republican presidential nomination. He ran against [[Al Smith]] and campaigned on efficiency and prosperity. Although Smith was the targe

...sevelt and Al Smith.jpg|right|frame|Governor Roosevelt and former governor Al Smith, 1930; they became embittered rivals in 1932]] ...aintain his contacts in the Democratic Party and had allied himself with [[Al Smith]], the current governor and the Democratic presidential nominee in 1928.

...tion, facilitated Republican landslides in 1920, 1924 and 1928. However [[Al Smith]] did build a strong Catholic base in the big cities in 1928, and [[Frankli ...nsurance against hardship. Conservative Democrats were outraged; led by [[Al Smith]] they formed the [[American Liberty League]] in 1934 and counterattacked.

...term "liberal" now came to mean a supporter of the [[New Deal]]. In 1934 [[Al Smith]] and pro-business Democrats formed the [[American Liberty League]] to figh

in the 1928 campaign although he favored Al Smith. In 1929, he lost the election for mayor to incumbent Democrat [[Jimmy Walk

...term "liberal" now came to mean a supporter of the [[New Deal]]. In 1934 [[Al Smith]] and pro-business Democrats formed the [[American Liberty League]] to figh

...acked down on Klan violence. The counterattack worked; the state voted for Al Smith in 1928, and the Klan's official membership plunged to under six thousand b

...[[Ku Klux Klan]], expecting it would soon fold. He strongly opposed wet [[Al Smith]] for the nomination in 1924; his brother Charles Bryan was put on the tick

...of the "new immigrants," and the 1928 presidential candidacy of Catholic [[Al Smith]] as a concerted attempt by those perceived to be "un-American" to overtake