Economics/Glossary
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- "(more specialised glossaries are available on the Related Articles subpages of other economics articles)
A
- Adverse selection [r]: a partial market failure that occurs when there are traders who take advantage of asymmetric information, raising uncertainty and leading to a reduction in the value of its products. [e]
- Arbitrage [r]: transactions to take advantage of a price differences of a product in different markets by buying where it is cheap and selling where it is dear. The possibility of arbitrage often prevents the occurrence of price differences. [e]
- Asymmetric information [r]: a situation in which a seller has information that is not available to potential buyers - or vice-versa. [e]
- Automatic stabilisers [r]: the tendency in times of falling economic activity for the government spending to rise, and for tax receipts to fall - and the reverse tendency in times of rising economic activity [e]
B
- "Bad bank" [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Banking panic [r]: A widespread fear of insolvency because of uncertainty concerning the true value of banking assets. [e]
- Base money - see Monetary base
- Basis point [r]: (bp) one hundredth of a percentage point . [e]
- Beta [r]: A measure of the degree to which the rate of return of a share tracks that of the equity market as a whole (defined as the covariance between the share's rate of return and the average market rate, divided by the variance of the market rate). If beta = 1 the share's rate of return moves in line with the market rate; if it is negative, it falls when the market rate rises. [e]
- Bill (finance) [r]: {a) A loan with a duration of no more than a year (b)a documentary record of short-term indebtedness. [e]
- Bill of Exchange [r]: A written order to pay the holder a stated sum of money at a stated date (otherwise known as a "draft", the person who is paid being termed the "drawer"). [e]
- Bond (finance) [r]: a fixed-interest security issued by governments, companies, banks and others. [e]
- Broad money [r]: cash, current account deposits in banks and other financial institutions, savings deposits and time-restricted deposits (see also high-powered money). [e]
- Broker [r]: Individual or firm that provides investment advise to clients and executes their buying and selling instructions, usually by acting as a market maker. [e]
- Budget balance [r]: the difference between a central government's revenue and its expenditure in a given financial year. Conventions differ concerning the items that are included, and various cyclical adjustments can be made to identify its discretionary element.. [e]
- Budget deficit [r]: the excess of a government's expenditures over its receipts. See also cyclically-adjusted budget deficit [e]
C
- Capital (banking) [r]: A bank's assets minus its liabilities. [e]
- Carry trading [r]: the practice of borrowing at a low interest rate in order to invest at a higher interest rate, or of selling the currency of a country that has low interest rates and buying the currency of a country that has high interest rates. [e]
- CDS - see Credit Default Swap
- CDS spread [r]: the annual percentage charge for a credit default swap [e]
- Central Bank [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Commercial bank [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Commercial paper [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Complex interactive system [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Contagion (banking) [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Consumer surplus [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Corporation [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Cost_of_capital [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Covariance [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Covered bond [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Credit crunch [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Credit default swap [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Credit risk [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Crowding out [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Currency board [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Cyclically-adjusted budget deficit [r]: Add brief definition or description
D
- Debt_instrument [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Debt trap [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Deflation [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Deleveraging [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Derivative [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Direct investment [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Discount window [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Discount_rate [r]: Add brief definition or description
E
F
- Fallacy of composition (economics) [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Fiat money [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Financial asset [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Financial_Intermediary [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Financial_regulator [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Fiscal gap [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Fiscal stimulus [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Fiscal sustainability [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Fractional reserve banking [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Freddie Mac [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Full employment deficit [r]: Add brief definition or description
G
- Generational accounts [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Great moderation [r]: Add brief definition or description
H
- Hedging [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Hedge fund [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Herding (banking) [r]: Add brief definition or description
- High-powered money [r]: Add brief definition or description
I
- Insolvency [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Interbank market [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Interest rate risk [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Internal rate of return [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Investment bank [r]: Add brief definition or description
- IS-LM model [r]: Add brief definition or description
J,K,L
- Kurtosis [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Learning curve [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Lender of last resort [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Leverage [r]: Add brief definition or description
- LIBOR [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Liquidity [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Liquidity trap [r]: Add brief definition or description
M
- Margin account [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Margin call [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Market risk [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Monetary base [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Monetisation (of public debt) [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Money market [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Money supply [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Moral hazard [r]: Add brief definition or description
N
- National debt [r]: Add brief definition or description
- National Debt - Maastricht definition [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Net present value [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Normal distribution [r]: Add brief definition or description
O
P,Q
- Portfolio insurance [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Primary budget deficit [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Prime rate [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Protection [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Quantitative easing [r]: Add brief definition or description
R
- Random_walk [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Recession (economics) [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Reserve ratio [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Redemption yield [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Ricardian equivalence [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Risk premium [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Run (banking) [r]: Add brief definition or description
S
- Securitisation [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Selling short [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Shadow banking system [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Sharpe ratio [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Skewness [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Sovereign default [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Sovereign spread [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Spread - see Yield spread
- Standard deviation [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Standardised budget deficit [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Structured investment vehicle [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Supply-side measures [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Systemic failure (finance) [r]: Add brief definition or description
T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z
- Tax wedge [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Terms of trade [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Value at risk [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Variance [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Warrant [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Yield spread [r]: Add brief definition or description