Magnetic resonance imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (commonly known as an MRI scan) is a type of neuroimaging performed in health care. It has been described as a "non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy, based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves - which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques."[1]

Physical principles

MRI pulse sequences
Pulse sequence Description
Standard pulse sequences
Spin density (proton density)  
T1 - spin-lattice relaxation time.  
T2 - spin-spon relation time  
Other pulse sequences
DWI (diffusion-weighted imaging)  
ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient)  
GRE (gradient echo) pulse sequences  
PWI (perfusion-weighted imaging)  

In contrast to x-ray computed tomography which is based on the density of electrons in tissues, MRI is based on several properties of protons.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

References

  1. Anonymous (2024), Magnetic resonance imaging (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  2. Hendee WR, Morgan CJ. Magnetic resonance imaging. Part I--physical principles. West J Med. 1984 Oct;141(4):491-500. PMID 6506686
  3. Hendee WR, Morgan CJ. Magnetic resonance imaging. Part II--Clinical applications. West J Med. 1984 Nov;141(5):638-48. PMID 6516335
  4. Edelman RR, Warach S. Magnetic resonance imaging - First of Two Parts. N Engl J Med. 1993 Mar 11;328(10):708-16. PMID 8433731
  5. Edelman RR, Warach S. Magnetic resonance imaging - Second of Two Parts. N Engl J Med. 1993 Mar 18;328(11):785-91. PMID 8369029
  6. Berger A. Magnetic resonance imaging. BMJ. 2002 Jan 5;324(7328):35. PMID 11777806
  7. Gilman S. Imaging the brain. First of two parts. N Engl J Med. 1998 Mar 19;338(12):812-20. PMID 9504943
  8. Gilman S. Imaging the brain. Second of two parts. N Engl J Med. 1998 Mar 26;338(13):889-96. PMID 9516225