Magnetic resonance imaging: Difference between revisions

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==Physical principles==
==Physical principles==
In contrast to [[x-ray computed tomography]] which is based on the density of electrons in tissues, MRI is based on several properties of protons.<ref name="PMID6506686">Hendee WR, Morgan CJ. [[http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=6506686 Magnetic resonance imaging. Part I--physical principles]]. West J Med. 1984 Oct;141(4):491-500. PMID 6506686</ref><ref name="PMID6516335">Hendee WR, Morgan CJ. [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=6516335 Magnetic resonance imaging. Part II--Clinical applications]. West J Med. 1984 Nov;141(5):638-48. PMID 6516335</ref><ref name="PMID8433731">Edelman RR, Warach S. [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/328/10/708Magnetic resonance imaging - First of Two Parts]. N Engl J Med. 1993 Mar 11;328(10):708-16. PMID 8433731</ref><ref name"PMID8369029">Edelman RR, Warach S. [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/328/11/785 Magnetic resonance imaging - Second of Two Parts]. N Engl J Med. 1993 Mar 18;328(11):785-91. PMID 8369029</ref><ref name="PMID11777806">Berger A. [http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/324/7328/35 Magnetic resonance imaging]. BMJ. 2002 Jan 5;324(7328):35. PMID 11777806</ref><ref name="PMID9504943">Gilman S. [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/338/12/812 Imaging the brain. First of two parts.] N Engl J Med. 1998 Mar 19;338(12):812-20. PMID 9504943</ref><ref name="PMID9516225">Gilman S. [[http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/338/13/889 Imaging the brain. Second of two parts]]. N Engl J Med. 1998 Mar 26;338(13):889-96. PMID 9516225</ref>
{| class="wikitable" align="right"
|+ MRI pulse sequences
! Pulse sequence !! Description
|-
| colspan=2 align="center" |Standard pulse sequences
|-
| Spin density (proton density) || &nbsp;
|-
| T1 - spin-lattice relaxation time. || &nbsp;
|-
| T2 - spin-spon relation time || &nbsp;
|-
| colspan=2 align="center" |Other pulse sequences
|-
| DWI (diffusion-weighted imaging)|| &nbsp;
|-
| ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) || &nbsp;
|-
| GRE (gradient echo) pulse sequences || &nbsp;
|-
| PWI (perfusion-weighted imaging) || &nbsp;
|}
In contrast to [[x-ray computed tomography]] which is based on the density of electrons in tissues, MRI is based on several properties of protons.<ref name="PMID6506686">Hendee WR, Morgan CJ. [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=6506686 Magnetic resonance imaging. Part I--physical principles]. West J Med. 1984 Oct;141(4):491-500. PMID 6506686</ref><ref name="PMID6516335">Hendee WR, Morgan CJ. [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=6516335 Magnetic resonance imaging. Part II--Clinical applications]. West J Med. 1984 Nov;141(5):638-48. PMID 6516335</ref><ref name="PMID8433731">Edelman RR, Warach S. [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/328/10/708 Magnetic resonance imaging - First of Two Parts]. N Engl J Med. 1993 Mar 11;328(10):708-16. PMID 8433731</ref><ref name"PMID8369029">Edelman RR, Warach S. [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/328/11/785 Magnetic resonance imaging - Second of Two Parts]. N Engl J Med. 1993 Mar 18;328(11):785-91. PMID 8369029</ref><ref name="PMID11777806">Berger A. [http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/324/7328/35 Magnetic resonance imaging]. BMJ. 2002 Jan 5;324(7328):35. PMID 11777806</ref><ref name="PMID9504943">Gilman S. [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/338/12/812 Imaging the brain. First of two parts.] N Engl J Med. 1998 Mar 19;338(12):812-20. PMID 9504943</ref><ref name="PMID9516225">Gilman S. [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/338/13/889 Imaging the brain. Second of two parts]. N Engl J Med. 1998 Mar 26;338(13):889-96. PMID 9516225</ref>


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>

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Magnetic resonance imaging (commonly known as an MRI scan) is a type of neuroimaging performed in health care. It has been described as a "non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy, based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves - which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques."[1]

Physical principles

MRI pulse sequences
Pulse sequence Description
Standard pulse sequences
Spin density (proton density)  
T1 - spin-lattice relaxation time.  
T2 - spin-spon relation time  
Other pulse sequences
DWI (diffusion-weighted imaging)  
ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient)  
GRE (gradient echo) pulse sequences  
PWI (perfusion-weighted imaging)  

In contrast to x-ray computed tomography which is based on the density of electrons in tissues, MRI is based on several properties of protons.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

References

  1. ↑ Anonymous (2024), Magnetic resonance imaging (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  2. ↑ Hendee WR, Morgan CJ. Magnetic resonance imaging. Part I--physical principles. West J Med. 1984 Oct;141(4):491-500. PMID 6506686
  3. ↑ Hendee WR, Morgan CJ. Magnetic resonance imaging. Part II--Clinical applications. West J Med. 1984 Nov;141(5):638-48. PMID 6516335
  4. ↑ Edelman RR, Warach S. Magnetic resonance imaging - First of Two Parts. N Engl J Med. 1993 Mar 11;328(10):708-16. PMID 8433731
  5. ↑ Edelman RR, Warach S. Magnetic resonance imaging - Second of Two Parts. N Engl J Med. 1993 Mar 18;328(11):785-91. PMID 8369029
  6. ↑ Berger A. Magnetic resonance imaging. BMJ. 2002 Jan 5;324(7328):35. PMID 11777806
  7. ↑ Gilman S. Imaging the brain. First of two parts. N Engl J Med. 1998 Mar 19;338(12):812-20. PMID 9504943
  8. ↑ Gilman S. Imaging the brain. Second of two parts. N Engl J Med. 1998 Mar 26;338(13):889-96. PMID 9516225
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