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From Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium

Scouting (originally the Boy Scouts) is an international organization based on the principles laid out by the British war hero Robert Baden-Powell (1857–1941) in a book titled Scouting for Boys (1908). Baden-Powell took a group of twenty boys to Brownsea Island, just off the coast of Dorset, near Poole, teaching them skills learned in the defense of the South African town of Mafeking during the Boer War. Now the Scout movement has an estimated 28 million participants in 216 countries.