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From Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium

Philosophy of science as has always been a part of philosophy and a part of the philosophy of several great philosophers during the ancient and middle ages. However in this time philosophy of science was quite premature. Modern science itself was heavily influenced by Roger Bacon's philosophy, which was in a large part philosophy of science. After this, a main debate of the still premature philosophy of science was the rationalism-empiricism debate, which lasted approximatelly until logical positivism synthetised both rationalism and empiricism in its logical-empiricist view. Logical positivism was the branch of philosophy, which developed philosophy of science to the level of a spearate and mature branch of philosophy.