Estrogen replacement therapy
In medicine, estrogen replacement therapy is "the use of hormonal agents with estrogen-like activity in postmenopausal or other estrogen-deficient women to alleviate effects of hormone deficiency, such as vasomotor symptoms, dyspareunia, and progressive development of osteoporosis. This may also include the use of progestational agents in combination therapy."[1]
Estrogen replacement therapy was at one time thought to reduce death from vascular disease due to the findings of the Nurse' Health Study.[2] However, in 1998 the HERS randomized controlled trial showed harm from estrogens among women with coronary artery disease[3] and in 2002 the WHI randomized controlled trial showed harm from estrogens in health women[4].
Stopping estrogen replacement therapy is difficult.[5]
The promotion of estrogen replacement therapy in scientific journals has been controversial due to the role of conflict of interests and ghost writing.
- “You can't just put another name on the article, but you can plagiarize the way we did when we wrote papers in college. What you need to do is give your potential authors Karen's version of the article before the author modified it. Then have your authors modify it for publication nder their name. Wyeth owns Karen's draft, not the final publication”.[6]
Adverse effects
Estrogen replacement therapy may cause urolithiasis.[7]
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2023), Estrogen replacement therapy (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Manson JE, Rosner B, Speizer FE et al. (1991). "Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease. Ten-year follow-up from the nurses' health study.". N Engl J Med 325 (11): 756-62. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199109123251102. PMID 1870648. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, Furberg C, Herrington D, Riggs B et al. (1998). "Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group.". JAMA 280 (7): 605-13. PMID 9718051. [e]
- ↑ Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML et al. (2002). "Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial.". JAMA 288 (3): 321-33. PMID 12117397. [e] Review in: Evid Based Med. 2008 Oct;13(5):142 Review in: ACP J Club. 2002 Sep-Oct;137(2):41 Review in: Evid Based Nurs. 2003 Jan;6(1):20 Review in: J Fam Pract. 2002 Oct;51(10):821
- ↑ Lindh-Astrand L, Bixo M, Hirschberg AL, Sundström-Poromaa I, Hammar M (2010 Jan-Feb). "A randomized controlled study of taper-down or abrupt discontinuation of hormone therapy in women treated for vasomotor symptoms.". Menopause 17 (1): 72-9. DOI:10.1097/gme.0b013e3181b397c7. PMID 19675505. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Fugh-Berman AJ (2010) The Haunting of Medical Journals: How Ghostwriting Sold “HRT”. PLoS Med 7(9): e1000335. DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000335
- ↑ Maalouf NM, Sato AH, Welch BJ, Howard BV, Cochrane BB, Sakhaee K et al. (2010). "Postmenopausal hormone use and the risk of nephrolithiasis: Results from the Women's Health Initiative hormone therapy trials.". Arch Intern Med 170 (18): 1678-85. DOI:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.342. PMID 20937929. Research Blogging.