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From Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium

Parent topics

• Community [r]: Generally, a group of organisms sharing an environment. In human communities the shared environment may be defined by mutual interests, pooled resources, common beliefs, shared pursuits, perceived needs, or other common traits or characteristics, and may be associated with a shared identity which in the case of physical communities may include a sense of place. [e]
• Society [r]: A term with many meanings, some of which are: (1) The organized social life of members of a national, regional or local community; (2) A large-scale structured system of human organization that furnishes identity, protection, continuity, and security for its members; (3) The full set of an individual's associates or compatriots; (4) The organized social life or social class of elite, prominent or celebrated persons; (5) (Biology) A closely integrated group of social organisms of the same species exhibiting division of labor. [e]

Subtopics

• Civics [r]: (1) Topics of, or pertaining to a city or to citizenship. (2) A primary or secondary school course or curriculum unit addressing such topics. [e]
• Citizen [r]: A legally recognized member of a political or civil community. [e]
• Civic culture [r]: Related political and social attitudes crucial to the success of modern democracies. [e]
• Civic engagement [r]: Individual and group action to identify, advocate for or problem-solve issues of civil or political concern. [e]
• Civil society organization [r]: An organization found in or characteristic of civil society. [e]
• Commons [r]: (1) A bundle of rights held jointly or collectively by a group of people; traditionally referred to land or real property, more recently also includes many other types of valuables (knowledge, open source software information, copyrights, social relations). (2) An association of those collectively holding such rights. [e]
• Family [r]: (1) Persons related by blood, marriage, adoption or guardianship, including individuals placed for foster care. (2) The social organization of a household or housekeeping unit using certain rooms and housekeeping facilities in common. See nuclear family and extended family [e]
• Independent sector [r]: (1) A sector (logical or empirical subset) of civil society independent of or autonomous from government. (2) A national umbrella organization of civil society organizations or nonprofit organizations in Washington DC. [e]
• Market [r]: In economics, the conjunction of potential buyers and potential sellers of a product, in any context in which exchanges can be arranged, using money or by barter. [e]
• Nonprofit organization [r]: An organization that is institutionalized, private, separate from government, not profit distributing, self-governing and voluntary, according to Lester Salamon. [e]
• Nonprofit sector [r]: A sector or category of formal organizations and associations organized for purposes other than profit and governed by legal or ethical non-distribution constraints. [e]
• Nongovernmental organization [r]: A term used in much of the world to describe third sector organizations in terms of their location outside of formal government. [e]
• Nongoverment sector [r]: A sector or category of organizations not part of government. [e]
• Foundation [r]: A tax-exempt corporation and certain trusts created for charitable purposes, according the the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. Foundations are generally prohibited from self-dealing with their donors and certain others, required to make annual distributions for charitable purposes, permitted to have only restricted holdings in private businesses, expected to be prudent in making investments that do not threaten their charitable purposes, and to assure that their expenditures are only for charitable purposes. Also known as private foundations. [e]
• Social capital [r]: Refers to features of social organization such as networks, norms, and social trust that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit, according to Robert Putnam. Many contemporary sources divide social capital into bonding capital and bridging capital. [e]
• Social enterprise [r]: Any organization or program that advances a social mission through entrepreneurial, earned income strategies; the category of social enterprise may, in specific uses, transcend more conventional profit/nonprofit and government/nongovernment distinctions. [e]
• Social movements [r]: Widely defined as a group of people with a common ideology acting to achieve certain general goals, often associated with major or significant social change. [e]
• State [r]: A set of political institutions exercising sovereign political authority over a territory. [e]
• Third sector [r]: A sector or category of organizations and associations operating outside of government or markets (and, thus, in a third place or space). [e]
• Voluntary association [r]: A term used in the Tocqueville tradition in political science and sociology to refer to associations characterized by uncoerced participation, in which participants are free to join and leave at will, and for whom participation may be independent of incentives or expectations of gain or personal profit. [e]
• Voluntary organisation [r]: British usage (and spelling) equated closely with the U.S. usage nonprofit organization and the international nongovernmental organization [e]
• Voluntary organization [r]: U.S. usage (and spelling) often used as a synonym for voluntary association [e]
• Voluntary sector [r]: Used in Great Britain to describe the set or category of organisations very close to those characterized in the U.S. as nonprofits. [e]
• Zivilgesellschaft [r]: (German) A literal translation of the English language "civil society"; albeit, with a number of distinct German connotations. [e]

Related topics

• Charity [r]: From the Latin, caritas, the non-erotic love of others; modern connotations stress efforts to aid or help others. [e]
• Civil rights movement [r]: In the narrow construction, the U.S. movement to end segregation, beginning with the student lunch-counter sit-ins in the 1950s and ending with the passage of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1965. In broader construction, the ongoing human rights and liberation movements for full civil rights for African Americans and other racial, ethnic, religious, gender, ability, life-style and other minorities. One of the characteristics of this latter sense is widespread disagreement on what to include in the movement (or exclude from it). [e]
• Education [r]: Learning and teaching activities for the purpose of knowledge or skill acquisition, or the development of values or virtues. May also involve imparting culture or group socialization. [e]
• First Great Awakening [r]: The First Great Awakening was a religious revitalization movement that swept the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s; there was a de-emphasis on ritual and ceremony and religion became intensely personal. [e]
• Fourth Great Awakening [r]: A religious awakening that some scholars (notably economic historian Robert Fogel) argue took place in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s. [e]
• Philanthropy [r]: Usually has connotations of action for the love (or good) of humankind; can refer narrowly to fundraising or broadly to "private action for the public good" (Robert Payton). [e]
• Progressive Era [r]: The period of political, administrative and social reform that began in the 1890s and ended after World War I. [e]
• Religion [r]: An apparently universal social phenomenon involving one or more of the following:

distinct world views, doctrines, beliefs, or traditions, practices, rituals, rules, shared experiences, and other behavioral expectations; sense of the divine, holy, mysterious, sacred, supernatural or ultimate concerns; group identity; distinct social institutions; and promotional and legal claims to be a religion. [e]

• Science [r]: Refers to any logically organized system of knowledge attained by some logical vindication. May also refer to the process for developing such knowledge (e.g., peer review and error correction procedures). [e]
• Second Great Awakening [r]: The Second Great Awakening (1800–1830s) was the second great religious revival in American history and consisted of renewed personal salvation experienced in revival meetings. [e]
• Social economy [r]: A term long associated with European labor and leftist organizations and connotations of democratic forms of economic organization. Currently used in Canada and Europe and the United Nations to refer to a category similar to, but somewhat broader than the U.S. conception of a Nonprofit sector. Usually included in the social economy are associations, cooperatives, foundations and mutuals. [e]
• Social policy [r]: Social policy is a broad category of public, private and third sector laws, rules and procedures directed at what in the 19th century was known as "the social problem": income maintenance of the aged and poor, education (including job training), health care, personal care of designated populations at high risk of dependency (e.g., aged, mentally ill, mentally retarded, disabled) and related issues. [e]
• Social reform [r]: Social reform exists in the broad middle range between passive or uncritical acceptance of the institutions and practices of a society and revolution directed at completely overturning them. [e]
• Third Great Awakening [r]: The Third Great Awakening was a period of increased pietism and social activism in the last half of the 19th century; associated with the Social Gospel, Settlement House, and Charity Organization movements. [e]