CZ:Featured article/Current: Difference between revisions

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== '''[[Battleship]]''' ==
== '''[[Paula Deen]]''' ==
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[[Image:USS Massachusetts BB-59 Fall RIver.jpg|thumb|right|180px|{{USS Massachusetts BB-59 Fall RIver.jpg/credit}}<br />The [[USS Massachusetts (BB-59)|USS ''Massachusetts'' (BB-59)]] or "Big Mamie," on display as a museum ship in Battleship Cove, [[Fall River, Massachusetts]].]]
'''Paula Ann Hiers Deen''' (born January 29, 1947) is an American [[cook (profession)|cook]], [[cooking show]] host, [[restaurateur]], [[author]], [[actress]] and [[Emmy Award]]-winning [[television personality]]. Deen resides in [[Savannah, Georgia]], where she owns and operates The Lady & Sons restaurant with her sons, [[Jamie Deen|Jamie]] and [[Bobby Deen]]. She has published fourteen [[cookbook]]s. Though married in 2004 to Michael Groover,<ref name="Paula Deen&nbsp;– Biography">[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1508590/bio Paula Deen&nbsp;– Biography]</ref> she uses the [[surname]] Deen, from her first marriage.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.bfeedme.com/paula-deen-a-short-history-of-a-fine-woman-chef/ |title=Paula Deen: A Short History of a Fine Woman & Chef&nbsp;— bFeedme: Cooking, Recipe and Food Blog |publisher=bFeedme |date=2006-05-16 |accessdate=2012-03-28}}</ref>
The '''battleship''', though now essentially obsolete as a naval weapon, is a naval vessel intended to engage the most powerful warships of an opposing navy. Evolved from the [[ship of the line]], their main armament consisted of multiple heavy [[cannon]] mounted in movable [[turret]]s. The ships boasted extensive armor and as such were designed to survive severe punishment inflicted upon them by other capital ships.  


The word "battleship" was coined around 1794 and is a contraction of the phrase "line-of-battle ship," the dominant wooden warship during the [[Age of Sail]].<ref name="OED">"battleship" The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1989. OED Online. Oxford University Press. 4 April 2000.</ref> The term came into formal use in the late 1880s to describe a specific type of [[ironclad warship]] (now referred to by historians as pre-''Dreadnought'' battleships).<ref name="Stoll">Stoll, J. ''Steaming in the Dark?'', Journal of Conflict Resolution Vol. 36 No. 2, June 1992.</ref> In 1906, the commissioning of [[HMS Dreadnought (1905)|HMS ''Dreadnought'']] heralded a revolution in capital ship design. Subsequent battleship designs were therefore referred to as "dreadnoughts." A general criterion from thereon in was that the armor of a true battleship must be sufficiently thick to withstand a hit by its own most powerful gun, within certain constraints. [[#The Diversion of the Battlecruiser|Battlecruiser]]s, while having near-battleship-sized guns, did not meet this standard of protection, and instead were intended to be fast enough to outrun the more heavily armed and armored battleship.<ref name=Massie>{{citation
''[[Paula Deen|.... (read more)]]''
| author = Robert K. Massie
| title = Dreadnought: Britain, Germany and the Coming of the Great War
| publisher = Ballantine
| year = 1992
| isbn = 9780345375568}}</ref> 
 
From 1905 to the early 1940s, battleships defined the strength of a first-class navy.  The idea of a strong "fleet in being", backed by a major industrial infrastructure, was key to the thinking of the naval strategist per [[Alfred Thayer Mahan]], writing in his 1890 book, ''The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1763'' (1890). The essence of Mahan from a naval viewpoint is that a great navy is a mark and prerequisite of national greatness. In a 1912 letter to the ''New York Times'', he counseled against relying on international relations for peace, and pointed out that other major nations were all building battleships.<ref>{{citation
|  title =HOPELESSLY OUTFORCED."; Admiral Mahan Prophesies Plight of Nation Without More Battleships.
| author = [[Alfred Thayer Mahan]]
| date = 14 April 1912
| journal = New York Times
| url = http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9503E5DF103AE633A25757C1A9629C946396D6CF}}</ref>
Asymmetrical threats to battleships began, in the early 20th century, with [[torpedo]]es from [[fast attack craft]] and [[mine (naval)|mines]]. These [[#The underwater threat|underwater threats]] could strike in more vulnerable spots than could heavy guns. [[#Aircraft versus battleship|Aircraft]], however, became an even more decisive threat by World War II.
 
''[[Battleship|.... (read more)]]''


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! style="text-align: center;" | &nbsp;[[Battleship#References|notes]]
! style="text-align: center;" | &nbsp;[[Paula Deen#References|notes]]
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Revision as of 12:53, 22 June 2013

Paula Deen

Paula Ann Hiers Deen (born January 29, 1947) is an American cook, cooking show host, restaurateur, author, actress and Emmy Award-winning television personality. Deen resides in Savannah, Georgia, where she owns and operates The Lady & Sons restaurant with her sons, Jamie and Bobby Deen. She has published fourteen cookbooks. Though married in 2004 to Michael Groover,[1] she uses the surname Deen, from her first marriage.[2]

.... (read more)

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