https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Administrative_law&feed=atom&action=historyAdministrative law - Revision history2024-03-28T11:05:27ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.5https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Administrative_law&diff=940793&oldid=prevJohn Leach: Text replacement - "]]" to ""2024-03-18T12:28:12Z<p>Text replacement - "]]" to ""</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 07:28, 18 March 2024</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Administrative law''' is a relatively technical area distinct from practice in general courts. In criminal court, the proceedings are based on statutes, driven by a prosecution supported by police. In civil court, the proceedings follow rules of civil procedure, which judges monitoring the propriety of interaction between individual or corporate participants. Administrative law, however, deals with interactions, sometimes interagency both most likely individual or corporation to agency, with the regulations of administrative agencies that have been delegated to act as agents of the Executive, either at state or Federal levels. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Administrative law''' is a relatively technical area distinct from practice in general courts. In criminal court, the proceedings are based on statutes, driven by a prosecution supported by police. In civil court, the proceedings follow rules of civil procedure, which judges monitoring the propriety of interaction between individual or corporate participants. Administrative law, however, deals with interactions, sometimes interagency both most likely individual or corporation to agency, with the regulations of administrative agencies that have been delegated to act as agents of the Executive, either at state or Federal levels. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This must be emphasized: administrative hearings are executive, not judicial. Under many circumstances, a decision may be appealed into the judicial system, but one can regard the practice of administrative law as a form of alternative dispute resolution<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>. In the ideal, it will decide matters that often involve highly technical expertise, rather than the expert witness process of courts. Depending on the specific area of regulation, the official directing the hearing may be called an administrative law judge, and the hearing may be relatively more or like a judicial proceeding, but it is arguably an alternative to classic judicial channels.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This must be emphasized: administrative hearings are executive, not judicial. Under many circumstances, a decision may be appealed into the judicial system, but one can regard the practice of administrative law as a form of alternative dispute resolution. In the ideal, it will decide matters that often involve highly technical expertise, rather than the expert witness process of courts. Depending on the specific area of regulation, the official directing the hearing may be called an administrative law judge, and the hearing may be relatively more or like a judicial proceeding, but it is arguably an alternative to classic judicial channels.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Often, administrative regulations are not so much strictly an adversarial proceeding between plaintiff or defendant, but an effort to clarify the regulations of agency established to protect a public interest. At the U.S federal levels, the principles of the process are in the #Federal Administrative Procedure Act|Federal Administrative Procedure Act<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>(FAPA); many states have parallel legislation.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Often, administrative regulations are not so much strictly an adversarial proceeding between plaintiff or defendant, but an effort to clarify the regulations of agency established to protect a public interest. At the U.S federal levels, the principles of the process are in the #Federal Administrative Procedure Act|Federal Administrative Procedure Act (FAPA); many states have parallel legislation.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Administrative law includes not only the adjudication of compliance with regulation, but the process of having regulations proposed by agency staff, public comments heard, and the agency executive choose a final language of regulation &mdash; or sometimes decide not to issue a regulation.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Administrative law includes not only the adjudication of compliance with regulation, but the process of having regulations proposed by agency staff, public comments heard, and the agency executive choose a final language of regulation &mdash; or sometimes decide not to issue a regulation.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | url = http://topics.law.cornell.edu/wex/administrative_law}}</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | url = http://topics.law.cornell.edu/wex/administrative_law}}</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Quasi-criminal==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Quasi-criminal==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The principles of administrative law can govern hearings, by immigration officials, on whether to admit or deport an alien to a country. When the determination on admission or extradition of an alien in another country, it is an example of how a procedure can involve extrajudicial detention<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>and even extraordinary rendition<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>, but be a public process, simply one not involving the classic judiciary. Of course either of these areas can involve completely secret processes with little procedural oversight.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The principles of administrative law can govern hearings, by immigration officials, on whether to admit or deport an alien to a country. When the determination on admission or extradition of an alien in another country, it is an example of how a procedure can involve extrajudicial detention and even extraordinary rendition, but be a public process, simply one not involving the classic judiciary. Of course either of these areas can involve completely secret processes with little procedural oversight.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Applications in military-related law==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Applications in military-related law==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For relatively minor offenses, many militaries give their members choices between court-martial<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>and administrative punishment, the latter really a hearing process rather than necessarily one that assigns punishment. The general process involves having a matter heard by an officer in the chain of command, but not usually the direct supervisor. In the naval tradition of ''captain's mast'', divisional or departmental officers might bring an individual to the ship's commanding officer for adjudicating a problem. The captain's decision is usually final, but sometimes it can be reviewed by a higher-ranking officer, or the matter can move into the military courts.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For relatively minor offenses, many militaries give their members choices between court-martial and administrative punishment, the latter really a hearing process rather than necessarily one that assigns punishment. The general process involves having a matter heard by an officer in the chain of command, but not usually the direct supervisor. In the naval tradition of ''captain's mast'', divisional or departmental officers might bring an individual to the ship's commanding officer for adjudicating a problem. The captain's decision is usually final, but sometimes it can be reviewed by a higher-ranking officer, or the matter can move into the military courts.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Captain's Mast is a traditional term, and it can also serve as a venue for recognizing excellent performance. Sometimes, that part is separated into Meritorious Mast, but a good ship often makes it visible that acts can be punished or rewarded.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Captain's Mast is a traditional term, and it can also serve as a venue for recognizing excellent performance. Sometimes, that part is separated into Meritorious Mast, but a good ship often makes it visible that acts can be punished or rewarded.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Things become much more blurred when specialized military tribunals are convened, such as the Combatant Status Review <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Tribunal]]s </del>or Administrative Review Boards at Guantanamo Bay detention camp<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>. The Geneva Conventions<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>do recognize the concept of a "competent tribunal" possibly outside the forma court system, but, in these particular matters, there have been increasing restrictions, as in Hamdi v. Rumsfeld<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>and in the Military Commissions Act of 2006<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>, about the extent to which tribunals rather than civil or even formal military courts can be used.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Things become much more blurred when specialized military tribunals are convened, such as the Combatant Status Review <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Tribunals </ins>or Administrative Review Boards at Guantanamo Bay detention camp. The Geneva Conventions do recognize the concept of a "competent tribunal" possibly outside the forma court system, but, in these particular matters, there have been increasing restrictions, as in Hamdi v. Rumsfeld and in the Military Commissions Act of 2006, about the extent to which tribunals rather than civil or even formal military courts can be used.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{reflist}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{reflist}}</div></td></tr>
</table>John Leachhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Administrative_law&diff=940636&oldid=prevJohn Leach: Text replacement - "[[" to ""2024-03-18T12:27:29Z<p>Text replacement - "[[" to ""</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 07:27, 18 March 2024</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Administrative law''' is a relatively technical area distinct from practice in general courts. In criminal court, the proceedings are based on statutes, driven by a prosecution supported by police. In civil court, the proceedings follow rules of civil procedure, which judges monitoring the propriety of interaction between individual or corporate participants. Administrative law, however, deals with interactions, sometimes interagency both most likely individual or corporation to agency, with the regulations of administrative agencies that have been delegated to act as agents of the Executive, either at state or Federal levels. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Administrative law''' is a relatively technical area distinct from practice in general courts. In criminal court, the proceedings are based on statutes, driven by a prosecution supported by police. In civil court, the proceedings follow rules of civil procedure, which judges monitoring the propriety of interaction between individual or corporate participants. Administrative law, however, deals with interactions, sometimes interagency both most likely individual or corporation to agency, with the regulations of administrative agencies that have been delegated to act as agents of the Executive, either at state or Federal levels. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This must be emphasized: administrative hearings are executive, not judicial. Under many circumstances, a decision may be appealed into the judicial system, but one can regard the practice of administrative law as a form of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>alternative dispute resolution]]. In the ideal, it will decide matters that often involve highly technical expertise, rather than the expert witness process of courts. Depending on the specific area of regulation, the official directing the hearing may be called an administrative law judge, and the hearing may be relatively more or like a judicial proceeding, but it is arguably an alternative to classic judicial channels.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This must be emphasized: administrative hearings are executive, not judicial. Under many circumstances, a decision may be appealed into the judicial system, but one can regard the practice of administrative law as a form of alternative dispute resolution]]. In the ideal, it will decide matters that often involve highly technical expertise, rather than the expert witness process of courts. Depending on the specific area of regulation, the official directing the hearing may be called an administrative law judge, and the hearing may be relatively more or like a judicial proceeding, but it is arguably an alternative to classic judicial channels.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Often, administrative regulations are not so much strictly an adversarial proceeding between plaintiff or defendant, but an effort to clarify the regulations of agency established to protect a public interest. At the U.S federal levels, the principles of the process are in the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>#Federal Administrative Procedure Act|Federal Administrative Procedure Act]] (FAPA); many states have parallel legislation.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Often, administrative regulations are not so much strictly an adversarial proceeding between plaintiff or defendant, but an effort to clarify the regulations of agency established to protect a public interest. At the U.S federal levels, the principles of the process are in the #Federal Administrative Procedure Act|Federal Administrative Procedure Act]] (FAPA); many states have parallel legislation.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Administrative law includes not only the adjudication of compliance with regulation, but the process of having regulations proposed by agency staff, public comments heard, and the agency executive choose a final language of regulation &mdash; or sometimes decide not to issue a regulation.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Administrative law includes not only the adjudication of compliance with regulation, but the process of having regulations proposed by agency staff, public comments heard, and the agency executive choose a final language of regulation &mdash; or sometimes decide not to issue a regulation.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | url = http://topics.law.cornell.edu/wex/administrative_law}}</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | url = http://topics.law.cornell.edu/wex/administrative_law}}</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Quasi-criminal==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Quasi-criminal==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The principles of administrative law can govern hearings, by immigration officials, on whether to admit or deport an alien to a country. When the determination on admission or extradition of an alien in another country, it is an example of how a procedure can involve <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>extrajudicial detention]] and even <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>extraordinary rendition]], but be a public process, simply one not involving the classic judiciary. Of course either of these areas can involve completely secret processes with little procedural oversight.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The principles of administrative law can govern hearings, by immigration officials, on whether to admit or deport an alien to a country. When the determination on admission or extradition of an alien in another country, it is an example of how a procedure can involve extrajudicial detention]] and even extraordinary rendition]], but be a public process, simply one not involving the classic judiciary. Of course either of these areas can involve completely secret processes with little procedural oversight.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Applications in military-related law==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Applications in military-related law==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For relatively minor offenses, many militaries give their members choices between <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>court-martial]] and administrative punishment, the latter really a hearing process rather than necessarily one that assigns punishment. The general process involves having a matter heard by an officer in the chain of command, but not usually the direct supervisor. In the naval tradition of ''captain's mast'', divisional or departmental officers might bring an individual to the ship's commanding officer for adjudicating a problem. The captain's decision is usually final, but sometimes it can be reviewed by a higher-ranking officer, or the matter can move into the military courts.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For relatively minor offenses, many militaries give their members choices between court-martial]] and administrative punishment, the latter really a hearing process rather than necessarily one that assigns punishment. The general process involves having a matter heard by an officer in the chain of command, but not usually the direct supervisor. In the naval tradition of ''captain's mast'', divisional or departmental officers might bring an individual to the ship's commanding officer for adjudicating a problem. The captain's decision is usually final, but sometimes it can be reviewed by a higher-ranking officer, or the matter can move into the military courts.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Captain's Mast is a traditional term, and it can also serve as a venue for recognizing excellent performance. Sometimes, that part is separated into Meritorious Mast, but a good ship often makes it visible that acts can be punished or rewarded.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Captain's Mast is a traditional term, and it can also serve as a venue for recognizing excellent performance. Sometimes, that part is separated into Meritorious Mast, but a good ship often makes it visible that acts can be punished or rewarded.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Things become much more blurred when specialized military tribunals are convened, such as the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Combatant Status Review Tribunal]]s or Administrative Review Boards at <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Guantanamo Bay detention camp]]. The <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Geneva Conventions]] do recognize the concept of a "competent tribunal" possibly outside the forma court system, but, in these particular matters, there have been increasing restrictions, as in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Hamdi v. Rumsfeld]] and in the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Military Commissions Act of 2006]], about the extent to which tribunals rather than civil or even formal military courts can be used.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Things become much more blurred when specialized military tribunals are convened, such as the Combatant Status Review Tribunal]]s or Administrative Review Boards at Guantanamo Bay detention camp]]. The Geneva Conventions]] do recognize the concept of a "competent tribunal" possibly outside the forma court system, but, in these particular matters, there have been increasing restrictions, as in Hamdi v. Rumsfeld]] and in the Military Commissions Act of 2006]], about the extent to which tribunals rather than civil or even formal military courts can be used.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{reflist}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{reflist}}</div></td></tr>
</table>John Leachhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Administrative_law&diff=940019&oldid=prevJohn Leach: Text replacement - "Administrative Review Board" to "Administrative Review Board"2024-03-17T11:52:46Z<p>Text replacement - "<a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Administrative_Review_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative Review Board (page does not exist)">Administrative Review Board</a>" to "Administrative Review Board"</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Captain's Mast is a traditional term, and it can also serve as a venue for recognizing excellent performance. Sometimes, that part is separated into Meritorious Mast, but a good ship often makes it visible that acts can be punished or rewarded.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Captain's Mast is a traditional term, and it can also serve as a venue for recognizing excellent performance. Sometimes, that part is separated into Meritorious Mast, but a good ship often makes it visible that acts can be punished or rewarded.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Things become much more blurred when specialized military tribunals are convened, such as the [[Combatant Status Review Tribunal]]s or <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Administrative Review <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Board]]s </del>at [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp]]. The [[Geneva Conventions]] do recognize the concept of a "competent tribunal" possibly outside the forma court system, but, in these particular matters, there have been increasing restrictions, as in [[Hamdi v. Rumsfeld]] and in the [[Military Commissions Act of 2006]], about the extent to which tribunals rather than civil or even formal military courts can be used.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Things become much more blurred when specialized military tribunals are convened, such as the [[Combatant Status Review Tribunal]]s or Administrative Review <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Boards </ins>at [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp]]. The [[Geneva Conventions]] do recognize the concept of a "competent tribunal" possibly outside the forma court system, but, in these particular matters, there have been increasing restrictions, as in [[Hamdi v. Rumsfeld]] and in the [[Military Commissions Act of 2006]], about the extent to which tribunals rather than civil or even formal military courts can be used.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
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</table>John Leachhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Administrative_law&diff=940000&oldid=prevJohn Leach at 11:42, 17 March 20242024-03-17T11:42:06Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">TOC|right</del>}}</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Administrative law''' is a relatively technical area distinct from practice in general courts. In criminal court, the proceedings are based on statutes, driven by a prosecution supported by police. In civil court, the proceedings follow rules of civil procedure, which judges monitoring the propriety of interaction between individual or corporate participants. Administrative law, however, deals with interactions, sometimes interagency both most likely individual or corporation to agency, with the regulations of administrative agencies that have been delegated to act as agents of the Executive, either at state or Federal levels. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Administrative law''' is a relatively technical area distinct from practice in general courts. In criminal court, the proceedings are based on statutes, driven by a prosecution supported by police. In civil court, the proceedings follow rules of civil procedure, which judges monitoring the propriety of interaction between individual or corporate participants. Administrative law, however, deals with interactions, sometimes interagency both most likely individual or corporation to agency, with the regulations of administrative agencies that have been delegated to act as agents of the Executive, either at state or Federal levels. </div></td></tr>
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</table>John Leachhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Administrative_law&diff=603504&oldid=previmported>Caesar Schinas: Robot: Changing template: TOC-right2009-05-31T11:40:09Z<p>Robot: Changing template: TOC-right</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Administrative law''' is a relatively technical area distinct from practice in general courts. In criminal court, the proceedings are based on statutes, driven by a prosecution supported by police. In civil court, the proceedings follow rules of civil procedure, which judges monitoring the propriety of interaction between individual or corporate participants. Administrative law, however, deals with interactions, sometimes interagency both most likely individual or corporation to agency, with the regulations of administrative agencies that have been delegated to act as agents of the Executive, either at state or Federal levels. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Administrative law''' is a relatively technical area distinct from practice in general courts. In criminal court, the proceedings are based on statutes, driven by a prosecution supported by police. In civil court, the proceedings follow rules of civil procedure, which judges monitoring the propriety of interaction between individual or corporate participants. Administrative law, however, deals with interactions, sometimes interagency both most likely individual or corporation to agency, with the regulations of administrative agencies that have been delegated to act as agents of the Executive, either at state or Federal levels. </div></td></tr>
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</table>imported>Caesar Schinashttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Administrative_law&diff=603509&oldid=previmported>Howard C. Berkowitz at 13:41, 29 March 20092009-03-29T13:41:37Z<p></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{TOC-right}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Administrative law''' is a relatively technical area distinct from practice in general courts. In criminal court, the proceedings are based on statutes, driven by a prosecution supported by police. In civil court, the proceedings follow rules of civil procedure, which judges monitoring the propriety of interaction between individual or corporate participants. Administrative law, however, deals with interactions, sometimes interagency both most likely individual or corporation to agency, with the regulations of administrative agencies that have been delegated to act as agents of the Executive, either at state or Federal levels. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Administrative law''' is a relatively technical area distinct from practice in general courts. In criminal court, the proceedings are based on statutes, driven by a prosecution supported by police. In civil court, the proceedings follow rules of civil procedure, which judges monitoring the propriety of interaction between individual or corporate participants. Administrative law, however, deals with interactions, sometimes interagency both most likely individual or corporation to agency, with the regulations of administrative agencies that have been delegated to act as agents of the Executive, either at state or Federal levels. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Administrative law includes not only the adjudication of compliance with regulation, but the process of having regulations proposed by agency staff, public comments heard, and the agency executive choose a final language of regulation &mdash; or sometimes decide not to issue a regulation.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Administrative law includes not only the adjudication of compliance with regulation, but the process of having regulations proposed by agency staff, public comments heard, and the agency executive choose a final language of regulation &mdash; or sometimes decide not to issue a regulation.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Federal Administrative Procedure Act==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Federal Administrative Procedure Act==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"The FAPA is a remedial statute designed to ensure uniformity and openness in the procedures used by federal agencies. The Act is comprised of a comprehensive regulatory scheme governing regulations, adjudications, and rule making in general terms. The FAPA is the major source for federal administrative agency law, while state agencies' administration and regulation are governed by comparable state acts."<ref name=<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CLI</del>>{{citation</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"The FAPA is a remedial statute designed to ensure uniformity and openness in the procedures used by federal agencies. The Act is comprised of a comprehensive regulatory scheme governing regulations, adjudications, and rule making in general terms. The FAPA is the major source for federal administrative agency law, while state agencies' administration and regulation are governed by comparable state acts."<ref name=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CornellLII-AdmLaw</ins>>{{citation</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | title = Administrative law & administrative agencies: an overview</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | title = Administrative law & administrative agencies: an overview</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | publisher = Legal Information Institute, Cornell University Law School</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | publisher = Legal Information Institute, Cornell University Law School</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | url = http://topics.law.cornell.edu/wex/administrative_law</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | url = http://topics.law.cornell.edu/wex/administrative_law<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</ins></ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Quasi-criminal==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Quasi-criminal==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The principles of administrative law can govern hearings, by immigration officials, on whether to admit or deport an alien to a country. When the determination on admission or extradition of an alien in another country, it is an example of how a procedure can involve [[extrajudicial detention]] and even [[extraordinary rendition]], but be a public process, simply one not involving the classic judiciary. Of course either of these areas can involve completely secret processes with little procedural oversight.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The principles of administrative law can govern hearings, by immigration officials, on whether to admit or deport an alien to a country. When the determination on admission or extradition of an alien in another country, it is an example of how a procedure can involve [[extrajudicial detention]] and even [[extraordinary rendition]], but be a public process, simply one not involving the classic judiciary. Of course either of these areas can involve completely secret processes with little procedural oversight.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Captain's Mast is a traditional term, and it can also serve as a venue for recognizing excellent performance. Sometimes, that part is separated into Meritorious Mast, but a good ship often makes it visible that acts can be punished or rewarded.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Captain's Mast is a traditional term, and it can also serve as a venue for recognizing excellent performance. Sometimes, that part is separated into Meritorious Mast, but a good ship often makes it visible that acts can be punished or rewarded.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Things become much more blurred when specialized military tribunals are convened, such as the [[Combatant Status Review Tribunal]]s or [[Administrative Review Board]]s at [[Guantanamo Bay <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">naval base</del>]]. The [[Geneva Conventions]] do recognize the concept of a "competent tribunal" possibly outside the forma court system, but, in these particular matters, there have been increasing restrictions, as in [[Hamdi v. Rumsfeld]] and in the [[Military Commissions Act of 2006]], about the extent to which tribunals rather than civil or even formal military courts can be used.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Things become much more blurred when specialized military tribunals are convened, such as the [[Combatant Status Review Tribunal]]s or [[Administrative Review Board]]s at [[Guantanamo Bay <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">detention camp</ins>]]. The [[Geneva Conventions]] do recognize the concept of a "competent tribunal" possibly outside the forma court system, but, in these particular matters, there have been increasing restrictions, as in [[Hamdi v. Rumsfeld]] and in the [[Military Commissions Act of 2006]], about the extent to which tribunals rather than civil or even formal military courts can be used.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{reflist}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{reflist}}</div></td></tr>
</table>imported>Howard C. Berkowitzhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Administrative_law&diff=603505&oldid=previmported>Howard C. Berkowitz at 13:40, 29 March 20092009-03-29T13:40:12Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 08:40, 29 March 2009</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l14">Line 14:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 14:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Quasi-criminal==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Quasi-criminal==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The principles of administrative law can govern hearings, by immigration officials, on whether to admit or deport an alien to a country. When the determination on admission or extradition of an alien in another country, it is an example of how a procedure can involve [[extrajudicial detention]] and even [[extraordinary rendition]], but be a public process, simply one not involving the classic judiciary. Of course either of these areas can involve completely secret processes with little procedural oversight.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The principles of administrative law can govern hearings, by immigration officials, on whether to admit or deport an alien to a country. When the determination on admission or extradition of an alien in another country, it is an example of how a procedure can involve [[extrajudicial detention]] and even [[extraordinary rendition]], but be a public process, simply one not involving the classic judiciary. Of course either of these areas can involve completely secret processes with little procedural oversight.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Applications in military-related law==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">For relatively minor offenses, many militaries give their members choices between [[court-martial]] and administrative punishment, the latter really a hearing process rather than necessarily one that assigns punishment. The general process involves having a matter heard by an officer in the chain of command, but not usually the direct supervisor. In the naval tradition of ''captain's mast'', divisional or departmental officers might bring an individual to the ship's commanding officer for adjudicating a problem. The captain's decision is usually final, but sometimes it can be reviewed by a higher-ranking officer, or the matter can move into the military courts.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Captain's Mast is a traditional term, and it can also serve as a venue for recognizing excellent performance. Sometimes, that part is separated into Meritorious Mast, but a good ship often makes it visible that acts can be punished or rewarded.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Things become much more blurred when specialized military tribunals are convened, such as the [[Combatant Status Review Tribunal]]s or [[Administrative Review Board]]s at [[Guantanamo Bay naval base]]. The [[Geneva Conventions]] do recognize the concept of a "competent tribunal" possibly outside the forma court system, but, in these particular matters, there have been increasing restrictions, as in [[Hamdi v. Rumsfeld]] and in the [[Military Commissions Act of 2006]], about the extent to which tribunals rather than civil or even formal military courts can be used.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{reflist}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{reflist}}</div></td></tr>
</table>imported>Howard C. Berkowitzhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Administrative_law&diff=603507&oldid=previmported>Howard C. Berkowitz at 13:28, 29 March 20092009-03-29T13:28:40Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 08:28, 29 March 2009</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Administrative law''' is a relatively technical area distinct from practice in general courts. In criminal court, the proceedings are based on statutes, driven by a prosecution supported by police. In civil court, the proceedings follow rules of civil procedure, which judges monitoring the propriety of interaction between individual or corporate participants. Administrative law, however, deals with interactions, sometimes interagency both most likely individual or corporation to agency, with the regulations of administrative agencies that have been delegated to act as agents of the Executive, either at state or Federal levels.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Administrative law''' is a relatively technical area distinct from practice in general courts. In criminal court, the proceedings are based on statutes, driven by a prosecution supported by police. In civil court, the proceedings follow rules of civil procedure, which judges monitoring the propriety of interaction between individual or corporate participants. Administrative law, however, deals with interactions, sometimes interagency both most likely individual or corporation to agency, with the regulations of administrative agencies that have been delegated to act as agents of the Executive, either at state or Federal levels. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This must be emphasized: administrative hearings are executive, not judicial. Under many circumstances, a decision may be appealed into the judicial system, but one can regard the practice of administrative law as a form of [[alternative dispute resolution]]. In the ideal, it will decide matters that often involve highly technical expertise, rather than the expert witness process of courts. Depending on the specific area of regulation, the official directing the hearing may be called an administrative law judge, and the hearing may be relatively more or like a judicial proceeding, but it is arguably an alternative to classic judicial channels.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This must be emphasized: administrative hearings are executive, not judicial. Under many circumstances, a decision may be appealed into the judicial system, but one can regard the practice of administrative law as a form of [[alternative dispute resolution]]. In the ideal, it will decide matters that often involve highly technical expertise, rather than the expert witness process of courts. Depending on the specific area of regulation, the official directing the hearing may be called an administrative law judge, and the hearing may be relatively more or like a judicial proceeding, but it is arguably an alternative to classic judicial channels.</div></td></tr>
</table>imported>Howard C. Berkowitzhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Administrative_law&diff=603510&oldid=previmported>Howard C. Berkowitz at 13:28, 29 March 20092009-03-29T13:28:05Z<p></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Quasi-criminal==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The principles of administrative law can govern hearings, by immigration officials, on whether to admit or deport an alien to a country. When the determination on admission or extradition of an alien in another country, it is an example of how a procedure can involve [[extrajudicial detention]] and even [[extraordinary rendition]], but be a public process, simply one not involving the classic judiciary. Of course either of these areas can involve completely secret processes with little procedural oversight.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
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</table>imported>Howard C. Berkowitzhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Administrative_law&diff=603506&oldid=previmported>Howard C. Berkowitz at 13:22, 29 March 20092009-03-29T13:22:17Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 08:22, 29 March 2009</td>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{subpages}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Administrative law''' is a relatively technical area distinct from practice in general courts. In criminal court, the proceedings are based on statutes, driven by a prosecution supported by police. In civil court, the proceedings follow rules of civil procedure, which judges monitoring the propriety of interaction between individual or corporate participants. Administrative law, however, deals with interactions, sometimes interagency both most likely individual or corporation to agency, with the regulations of administrative agencies that have been delegated to act as agents of the Executive, either at state or Federal levels.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Administrative law''' is a relatively technical area distinct from practice in general courts. In criminal court, the proceedings are based on statutes, driven by a prosecution supported by police. In civil court, the proceedings follow rules of civil procedure, which judges monitoring the propriety of interaction between individual or corporate participants. Administrative law, however, deals with interactions, sometimes interagency both most likely individual or corporation to agency, with the regulations of administrative agencies that have been delegated to act as agents of the Executive, either at state or Federal levels.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This must be emphasized: administrative hearings are executive, not judicial. Under many circumstances, a decision may be appealed into the judicial system, but one can regard the practice of administrative law as a form of [[alternative dispute resolution]]. In the ideal, it will decide matters that often involve highly technical expertise, rather than the expert witness process of courts. Depending on the specific area of regulation, the official directing the hearing may be called an administrative law judge, and the hearing may be relatively more or like a judicial proceeding, but it is arguably an alternative to classic judicial channels.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>This must be emphasized: administrative hearings are executive, not judicial. Under many circumstances, a decision may be appealed into the judicial system, but one can regard the practice of administrative law as a form of [[alternative dispute resolution]]. In the ideal, it will decide matters that often involve highly technical expertise, rather than the expert witness process of courts. Depending on the specific area of regulation, the official directing the hearing may be called an administrative law judge, and the hearing may be relatively more or like a judicial proceeding, but it is arguably an alternative to classic judicial channels.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Often, administrative regulations are not so much strictly an adversarial proceeding between plaintiff or defendant, but an effort to clarify the regulations of agency established to protect a public interest. At the U.S federal levels, the principles of the process are in the [[Federal Administrative Procedure Act]] (FAPA); many states have parallel legislation.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Often, administrative regulations are not so much strictly an adversarial proceeding between plaintiff or defendant, but an effort to clarify the regulations of agency established to protect a public interest. At the U.S federal levels, the principles of the process are in the [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#Federal Administrative Procedure Act|</ins>Federal Administrative Procedure Act]] (FAPA); many states have parallel legislation.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Administrative law includes not only the adjudication of compliance with regulation, but the process of having regulations proposed by agency staff, public comments heard, and the agency executive choose a final language of regulation &mdash; or sometimes decide not to issue a regulation.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Administrative law includes not only the adjudication of compliance with regulation, but the process of having regulations proposed by agency staff, public comments heard, and the agency executive choose a final language of regulation &mdash; or sometimes decide not to issue a regulation.</div></td></tr>
</table>imported>Howard C. Berkowitz