Horse colors

Horses have many possible colors. Not only do coats come in shades of black, red, white, brown and grey, but mane and mane and tail color often contrast with color of the coat. That coat can be solid, patched, or spotted in various ways, and even a solid color horse often has markings of white on the face and legs that lend a distinctive appearance. The genetics of horse colors is a fascinating subject in and of itself, but also is of practical use to the horse breeder. Some breeds, such as the Paint horse, and the Apaloosa, are primarily known for the pattern of their coats. Speculation about just how color and pattern is inherited in horses has been around as long as horse breeding has, but it is only in the last decades that an understanding of the genetics has become sophisticated enough to go beyond speculation and actually test horses for color genes. The genes that influence coat color also influence eye and skin color, and the color of hoofs. The genetics of color do not simply specify the pigment of horse hair, but also its distribution. For example, whether a color is limited to the tip of a hair or evenly distributed over the entire hair is one trait that is inherited as a separate factor than the color itself.

Solid colors

Dilution genes

Buckskin

Dilution of a bay horse results in buckskin coloration. This horse will have at least one copy of the dominant agouti gene, AG, so that black pigment on the coat is relegated to the mane, tail and points.A well-marked buckskin horse has a tan body, black mane and tail, and black "socks".

There are additional modifications to the body coat color that are known by the colloquial term "smutty buckskin" or "black buckskin", when a percentage of body hairs are entirely dark.

Smoky black

Dilution of a black horse results in smoky black coloration. Such a horse, like all black horses, will be doubly recessive for the agouti allele (ag, ag) and black pigment will be evenly spread along each hair.

Palomino

A chestnut horse (also caled sorrel) with a single dilute gene yields a palomino horse. Like the buckskin, there can be additional modifications of coat color. A so-called "chocolate palomino" occurs when XXX. The Paso fino Tomaria's Gallardo is an example of a chocolate or smutty palomino.

Cremello

This horse has a cream-colored coat that can range from a rather deep cream to near white. It is a doubly dilute form of a chestnut horse, and will have pink skin and blue eyes.

Perlino

Another double dilute, the perlino XXX