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Interrogation/Related Articles
From Citizendium
- See also changes related to Interrogation, or pages that link to Interrogation or to this page or whose text contains "Interrogation".
Parent topics
- Eduction [r]: A collective term for acquiring information from willing and unwilling people, for purposes including criminal investigation and human-source intelligence, with methods that range from cooperative to coercive [e]
- Human-source intelligence [r]: (HUMINT); the practice of acquiring information through interactions with people who can disclose relevant information, including but not limited to espionage, interrogation, debriefing and elicitation [e]
- International law [r]: The formal conduct of interactions between nation-states, both at the national level and on behalf of their citizens; generally accepted as first formalized by Hugo Grotius. [e]
- Criminal investigation [r]: Deciding that a crime has occurred, obtaining evidence about it, and determining who may have committed the crime [e]
- Criminal law [r]: Add brief definition or description
Subtopics
Policies and history
- Intelligence interrogation, Argentina [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, Burma [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, Bolivia [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, Chile [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, China [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, Egypt [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, France [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, France, Algerian War [r]: Practices both for information gathering and for intimidation, primarily according to the theories of Roger Trinquier; could be savage yet controlled [e]
- Intelligence interrogation, Germany [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, Honduras [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, Iran [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, Iraq [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, Israel [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, Japan [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, Morocco [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, Paraguay [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, Soviet Union [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, Soviet Union, Great Terror [r]: Interrogation practices, primarily in the 1930s, under Joseph Stalin and a series of security chiefs, many of whom were themselves purged; the major goals were coerced confessions for political goals [e]
- Intelligence interrogation, Syria [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, U.K. [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, U.S. [r]: Policies, techniques and practices of United States interrogation in a national intelligence-gathering context. (See Intelligence interrogation, U.S., George W. Bush Administration for recent detailed discussions) [e]
- Intelligence interrogation, U.S., George W. Bush Administration [r]: The policies and practices authorized for interrogation of suspected terrorists by the United States Department of Defense and the United States intelligence community during the George W. Bush Administration [e]
- Intelligence interrogation, Uruguay [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, Venezuela [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Intelligence interrogation, Vietnam [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Operation Condor [r]: A secret security operation among the military governments of Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay, beginning in 1975 and ending with democratization in the 1980s and 1990s; descriptions range from counterintelligence and counterterrorism to state terror [e]
Techniques
- Direct interrogation techniques [r]: Intelligence interrogation by asking simply asking questions about the information of interest, free of any attempts to manipulate the personality of the person being interrogated [e]
- Incentive interrogation techniques [r]: Interrogation that uses either the offering of rewards for cooperation, or the withdrawal of comforts as a counterincentive to undesired behavior [e]
- Emotional Love interrogation techniques [r]: Techniques of interrogation that try to persuade a prisoner's cooperation with interrogators will benefit individuals or people he loves [e]
- Emotional Hate interrogation techniques [r]: Use of the hate, by the subject of an interrogation, for individuals or groups; alternatively, convincing the prisoner that he is hated [e]
- Fear Up interrogation techniques [r]: Psychologically coercive interrogation techniques, by one or more interrogators, which mildly or significantly increase the fear of a prisoner; easy to apply but not necessarily a good means of obtaining information [e]
- Reduced Fear interrogation techniques [r]: Interrogation techniques that, using conversation, incentives or both, reduce fear in a prisoner, with the intent of increasing cooperation [e]
- Pride and Ego Up interrogation techniques [r]: This class of essentially noncoercive interrogation techniques build the interrogator's position by rebuilding the self-respect of a prisoner who feels defeated; supportive actions may build gratitude, camaraderie, or dependence [e]
- Pride and Ego Down interrogation techniques [r]: Methods of interrogation that apply psychological pressure to a prisoner with a potentially overconfident prisoner, attacking his self-image rather than directly producing fear; often counterproductive but sometimes effective [e]
- Futility interrogation techniques [r]: One of the basic building blocks of interrogation, even in noncoercive situations, can be inducing a sense, in the detainee, that any resistance, on behalf of his cause, is futile; he has only his self-interest to consider [e]
- We Know All interrogation techniques [r]: Methods of psychological interrogation, which may be coercive or noncoercive, that establish a state of futility in the prisoner, convincing him that there is no point in withholding information [e]
- Establish Your Identity interrogation techniques [r]: Methods of interrogation, applied with various levels of psychological pressure, which induce a prisoner to reveal true information about himself, to convince the interrogator he is not a person for whom the captors plan a very bad fate [e]
- Repetition interrogation techniques [r]: A technique of interrogation in which the questioner repeats, over and over, a question, perhaps rephrased, and any answer given by the prisoner; some subjects will eventually slip and correct an answer out of boredom or frustration [e]
- File and Dossier interrogation techniques [r]: A technique that involves using voluminous documentation, not always all visible to the prisoner, to give the impression that the questioner knows all; it differs from We Know All interrogation techniques that rely on verbal convincing that the questioner is omniscient and resistance is futile [e]
- Mutt and Jeff interrogation techniques [r]: Interrogation techniques using varying degrees of psychological pressure applied by a pair of interrogators, one playing a sympathetic and the other a hostile persona to the subject, alternating between entreaties and threats; often called "good cop-bad cop" [e]
- Rapid Fire interrogation techniques [r]: A method of interrogation that exploits the general human desire to be heard, by using one or more interrogators to ask questions so fast, not waiting for an answer, that the prisoner interrupts with meaningful information as a way of being recognized [e]
- Silence interrogation techniques [r]: An ostentatiously silent interrogator, coupled with body language carrying either contempt or menace, can sometimes be disturbing to a prisoner; it can also become a duel of willpower that can be futile, or even weakening the interrogator's authority [e]
- Befuddled Interrogator interrogation techniques [r]: Having some relationship to Pride and Ego Up interrogation techniques, this method has an interrogator feign incompetence, in order that the prisoner is induced to boast and reveal information [e]
- Change of Scenery Up interrogation techniques [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Rapid Fire interrogation techniques [r]: A method of interrogation that exploits the general human desire to be heard, by using one or more interrogators to ask questions so fast, not waiting for an answer, that the prisoner interrupts with meaningful information as a way of being recognized [e]
- Dietary Manipulation interrogation techniques [r]: A subclass of incentive interrogation techniques, these can involve, while providing nutrition, better or worse food; forced feeding of a prisoner on a hunger strike is outside this scope [e]
- Environmental Manipulation interrogation techniques [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Sleep Adjustment interrogation techniques [r]: Methods of coercive interrogation that disturb the sleep cycle of a prisoner, as in reversing day and night, but do not attempt to actually deprive of required sleep [e]
- False flag interrogation techniques [r]: Interrogators' representing their nationality or affiliation ("flag") as other than it is, variously for the noncoercive method of convincing the subject of shared interests, or for the coercive threat of the prisoner being at the mercy of an especially dreaded foe [e]
- Yelling interrogation techniques [r]: Interrogation methods that involve shouting questions or insults at prisoners may seem impressive, but can have effects ranging from intimidating or disorienting, to strengthening the detainee's will if he believes that it indicates a loss of control, or frustration, on the interrogator's part [e]
- Multiple interrogator interrogation techniques [r]: A wide range of techniques, both noncoercive and coercive, which have more than one interrogator interacting with the prisoner; translators and note-takers are not usually counted [e]
- Isolation interrogation techniques [r]: Mildly to strongly coercive interrogation, or more precisely preparation for interrogation, in which the prisoner is kept from human contact, but is not subject to sensory deprivation or environmental manipulation interrogation techniques [e]
- Stress positions interrogation techniques [r]: Coercive interrogation methods that either by force of authority, or physical restraint, put the subject into positions that are, at least, uncomfortable and may become extremely painful; they are not usually intended, as opposed to tortures, to dislocate joints or otherwise cause substantial bodily harm [e]
- Military working dog interrogation techniques [r]: Coercive interrogation methods in which aggressive dogs were used, sometimes as an actual means of inflicting pain, and often as a threat, especially in cultures with a fear of dogs [e]
- Hooding interrogation techniques [r]: A coercive interrogation technique that disorients the subject by covering at least his eyes and ears with darkened goggles, or a bag, which allows airflow, over the entire head [e]
- Mild physical contact [r]: Coercive interrogation methods, used in coordination with others, which are not intended to cause pain or injury, but to break a subject's concentration or establish dominance by the interrogator [e]
- Cold temperature interrogation techniques [r]: In contemporary practice, placing a prisoner at temperature and humidity that causes discomfort and weakness, without causing significant clinical hypothermia [e]
- Waterboarding interrogation techniques [r]: A coercive interrogation technique that uses water poured over a prisoner's face to induce a sensation of drowning or suffocation; since it is intended to simulate rather than cause asphyxiation, it has been argued if it does or does not actually violate international agreements on torture [e]
- Sensory deprivation interrogation techniques [r]: The removal of major conventional stimuli (sight, hearing), or, in more sophisticated facilities, touch, scent, and sense of balance [e]
- Extended interrogation techniques [r]: Methods of employing other interrogation techniquees, using one interrogator or teams of questioners, which create more pressure due to exhaustion; they are on the delicate border of crossing from coercive interrogation into some definitions of torture, if they produce sleep deprivation, do not provide adequate food and water, or use prolonged light, loud noise (including shouting) or other extreme environmental stressors [e]
- Removal of all comfort items interrogation techniques [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Removal of clothing interrogation techniques [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Forced grooming interrogation techniques [r]: Generally, the removal of body hair in a culture where it is important to self-image, such as beard shaving or cutting of long hair; a coercive interrogation support technique rather than a direct method of interrogation [e]
- Debriefing [r]: Obtaining information from cooperating people, who are aware of at least some purposes of the conversation or written communication, and do not consider themselves under duress in this type of eduction [e]
- Elicitation [r]: Eduction of information from a person or group in a manner that does not disclose the intent of the interview or conversation, generally overt, unless the collector is other than he or she purports to be. [e]
- Social engineering [r]: Subverting a security system by deceiving its users. [e]
- Torture [r]: The infliction of mental or physical pain, for punishment or as an interrogation technique. [e]
