https://citizendium.org/api.php?hidebots=1&days=30&limit=50&target=Mach_effect+&action=feedrecentchanges&feedformat=atomCitizendium - Changes related to "Mach effect" [en]2024-03-19T01:36:49ZRelated changesMediaWiki 1.39.5https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Explosives&diff=941751&oldid=922465Explosives2024-03-18T19:30:06Z<p></p>
<a href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Explosives&diff=941751&oldid=922465">Show changes</a>John Leachhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Explosives&diff=922465&oldid=881822Explosives2024-02-26T19:04:37Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:04, 26 February 2024</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Sweden|Swedish]] chemist [[Alfred Nobel]] (1833-1896) realized that nitroglycerin was too unstable for practical use. But once dissolved in clay and shaped into rods, it made a safe and highly effective explosive, dynamite, that was used primarily in civil engineering. Trinitrotoluene (TNT) was preferable to nitroglycerin-based explosives for field and military use, since it was far more stable and resistant to unintentional detonation. Indeed, there is a class of modern [[insensitive high explosives]] that will not explode without deliberate and controlled conditions, even in the violence of an airplane crash.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Sweden|Swedish]] chemist [[Alfred Nobel]] (1833-1896) realized that nitroglycerin was too unstable for practical use. But once dissolved in clay and shaped into rods, it made a safe and highly effective explosive, dynamite, that was used primarily in civil engineering. Trinitrotoluene (TNT) was preferable to nitroglycerin-based explosives for field and military use, since it was far more stable and resistant to unintentional detonation. Indeed, there is a class of modern [[insensitive high explosives]] that will not explode without deliberate and controlled conditions, even in the violence of an airplane crash.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Germany|German]] chemist [[Fritz Haber]] (1868 – 1934) arguably had a greater impact than Nobel. Haber and Carl Bosch discovered a method for [[nitrogen fixation]] (converting atmospheric [[nitrogen]] to [[ammonia]]), thus making inexpensive [[nitrate]] salts available for fertilizers and high explosives. This discovery made possible modern agriculture and modern warfare based on high explosives packed into artillery shells. Since Haber also oversaw the German use of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>poison gas<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>during the [[World War I]], he pioneered the era of [[weapons of mass destruction]]. When Haber was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1918 for his work on nitrogen, it was over the objections of some scientists because of his wartime activities.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Germany|German]] chemist [[Fritz Haber]] (1868 – 1934) arguably had a greater impact than Nobel. Haber and Carl Bosch discovered a method for [[nitrogen fixation]] (converting atmospheric [[nitrogen]] to [[ammonia]]), thus making inexpensive [[nitrate]] salts available for fertilizers and high explosives. This discovery made possible modern agriculture and modern warfare based on high explosives packed into artillery shells. Since Haber also oversaw the German use of poison gas during the [[World War I]], he pioneered the era of [[weapons of mass destruction]]. When Haber was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1918 for his work on nitrogen, it was over the objections of some scientists because of his wartime activities.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Oxygen balance===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Oxygen balance===</div></td></tr>
</table>Pat Palmer