Systematics > Related Articles

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Contents 1 Parent topics 2 Subtopics 3 Other related topics 4 Bot-suggested topics

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Subtopics

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• Acer palmatum [r]: Deciduous tree commonly known as the "Japanese Maple". [e]
• Achillea [r]: Genus of flowering plants, commonly referred to as yarrow, that are frequently used in garden borders and beds in ornamental horticulture. [e]
• Acinonyx jubatus (Cheetah) [r]: Genus represented by a single species, the cheetah Acinonyx jubatus, which includes the cheetah and king cheetah. [e]
• Adenorhinos [r]: A monotypic genus created for A. barbouri, a venomous viper species found only in Tanzania. [e]
• Aeropyrum pernix [r]: A heat-requiring extremophile species of Archaea, (procaryotes with a different ancestry than ordinary bacteria--and possibly everything else). [e]
• Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti [r]: A subspecies of the cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) found east of the Mississippi River. [e]
• Alexandrium tamarense [r]: Phototrophic dinoflagellate in coastal waters associated with algal blooms and red tides. [e]
• Alipiopsitta xanthops (Yellow-faced Parrot) [r]: A species of the genus Alipiopsitta, found in the cerrado region of Brazil and adjacent Bolivia. [e]
• Amanita muscaria [r]: A psychoactive fungus (mushroom) commonly known as the fly agaric. [e]
• Amanita phalloides [r]: The poisonous Death Cap mushroom, renowned as one of the most toxic of all fungi. [e]
• Amanita virosa [r]: A poisonous basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita, commonly known as the destroying angel or more precisely as European destroying angel. [e]
• Amaryllis [r]: is the common name for a group of showy ornamental perennials plants in the genus Hippeastrum. [e]
• Animalia [r]: The taxonomic kingdom including all animals. [e]
• Animal [r]: A multicellular organism that feeds on other organisms, and is distinguished from plants, fungi, and unicellular organisms. [e]
• Anise [r]: Annual herbaceous plant in the Apiaceae family that produces oil-rich fruits that have a distinct licorice taste. [e]
• Ape [r]: Tail-less primates in Africa and Eurasia, e.g. humans, orang-utans and chimpanzees. [e]
• Ara autocthones (Saint Croix Macaw) [r]: an extinct species of bird in the parrot family that was found on the island of Saint Croix, in the Virgin Islands [e]
• Arabidopsis thaliana (Thale Cress) [r]: A small flowering plant widely used by plant biologists as a model organism for basic research. It is a dicotyledonous species and a member of the Brassicaceae or mustard family. [e]
• Archaea [r]: A major group of numerous microorganisms fundamentally different from the bacteria and including many chemolithotrophs and extremophiles. [e]
• Artemisia vulgaris [r]: popularly know as Mugwort, Felon Herb, St. John's Plant, Chrysanthemum Weed, Wild Wormwood or Common Mugwort, is one of several species in the genus Artemisia with names containing mugwort; it is native to temperate Europe, Asia and northern Africa, but is also present in North America where it is an invasive weed; it is a very common plant growing on nitrogenous soils, like weedy and uncultivated areas, such as waste places and roadsides. [e]
• Arthropoda [r]: Phylum which includes insects, crustaceans, and organisms with a hard shell-like segmented body. [e]
• Aspasia (orchid) [r]: Is an orchid genus formed by seven species spread from Costa Rica to South Brazil and closely related to the genus Miltonia. [e]
• Aspergillus flavus [r]: A fungus which is a common mold in the environment, and can cause storage problems in stored grains. [e]
• Aspergillus niger [r]: Fungus and one of the most common species of the genus Aspergillus, which causes a disease called black mold on certain fruits and vegetables such as grapes, onions, and peanuts, and is a common contaminant of food. [e]
• Asplenium scolopendrium [r]: Hart's tongue fern, a species of fern easily recognized by its large tongue-shaped leaves. [e]
• Atheris anisolepis [r]: Venomous viper of west central Africa (Gabon, Congo, and Angola). [e]
• Atheris ceratophora [r]: Venomous viper species limited to Tanzanian mountain ranges. The only horned, arboreal viper in Africa. [e]
• Atheris chlorechis [r]: Venomous bush viper species found only in West African forests. [e]
• Atheris desaixi [r]: Venomous viper species endemic to Kenya, with two isolated populations, with striking black and yellow coloration. [e]
• Atheris hispida [r]: Venomous viper found in Central Africa with extremely keeled scales and an almost bristly appearance. [e]
• Atheris katangensis [r]: Venomous bush viper endemic to Congo; smallest member (< 40 cm) of genus Atheris. [e]
• Atheris nitschei rungweensis [r]: African venomous viper subspecies found in Tanzania, Zambia and Malawi. [e]
• Atheris nitschei [r]: Venomous bush viper found from Uganda and DR Congo in the north to northern Malawi in the south. [e]
• Atheris squamigera [r]: Venomous viper species found in west and central Africa. [e]
• Atheris [r]: A genus of venomous vipers found only found in tropical subsaharan Africa, excluding southern Africa. [e]
• Australopithecus afarensis [r]: An extinct hominid species, which to some, is considered to be the "missing link" in human evolution. [e]
• Australopithecus africanus [r]: A species of early hominin. [e]
• Aye-aye [r]: A lemur that is the sole living member of the family Daubentoniidae. [e]
• Azemiopinae [r]: One of the most primitive vipers, found in mountains of China, Tibet and Vietnam. [e]
• Bacillus anthracis [r]: The bacterium that causes anthrax. It is a Select Agent and a high-risk biological weapon. [e]
• Bacillus megaterium [r]: One of the largest eubacteria; a rod shaped endospore-forming aerobic bacteria. [e]
• Bacillus subtilis [r]: A gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria, originally called Vibrio subtilis. [e]
• Bacillus thuringiensis [r]: A soil-dwelling, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium used as an agricultural pesticide. [e]
• Bacteria [r]: A major group of single-celled microorganisms. [e]
• Banana [r]: The fruit of a wide range of species in the Musa taxonomic genus. [e]
• Barnardius zonarius [r]: A parrot native to all mainland Australian states. [e]
• Beetle [r]: Beetles are insects that have elytra, which are modified fore wings that are hard and shell-like and protect the hind wings. [e]
• Bifidobacterium animalis [r]: A beneficial, anaerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile probiotic bacteria used as a dietary supplement. [e]
• Bifidobacterium bifidum [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Bifrenaria [r]: A genus of orchids formed by circa twenty species of South America, some widely cultivated because of their large and colored flowers; divided in two distinct groups, one with large flowers and short inflorescences and the other with small flowers and long inflorescences. [e]
• Biology [r]: The science of life — of complex, self-organizing, information-processing systems living in the past, present or future. [e]
• Bitis arietans somalica [r]: A venomous member of the genus Bitis, found only in Somalia, eastern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. [e]
• Bitis arietans [r]: A venomous member of the Bitis genus, found in savannah and grasslands from Morocco and western Arabia throughout Africa except for the Sahara and rain forest regions. [e]
• Bitis atropos [r]: A venomous member of the genus Bitis, found only in three mountainous regions in southern Africa. [e]
• Bitis caudalis [r]: A venomous member of the genus Bitis, found in the arid region of south-west Africa. [e]
• Bitis cornuta albanica [r]: Venomous viper subspecies[4] restricted to eastern and southern Cape Province in South Africa. [e]
• Bitis cornuta [r]: A venomous member of the genus Bitis, found in certain rocky desert areas, mostly along the Atlantic coast of southern Africa. [e]
• Bitis gabonica rhinoceros [r]: A venomous member of the genus Bitis and a sub-species of the viper family, found in West Africa. [e]
• Bitis gabonica [r]: A venomous member of the genus Bitis, found in the rainforests and savannas of Sub-Saharan Africa. [e]
• Bitis heraldica [r]: A venomous member of the genus Bitis, found only in Angola. [e]
• Bitis inornata [r]: A venomous member of the genus Bitis, found only in Cape Province, South Africa. [e]
• Bitis nasicornis [r]: A venomous member of the genus Bitis, found in the forests of West and Central Africa. [e]
• Bitis parviocula [r]: A venomous member of the genus Bitis, found only in south-west Ethiopia. [e]
• Bitis peringueyi [r]: A venomous member of the genus Bitis, found in Namibia and southern Angola. [e]
• Bitis rubida [r]: A venomous viper species found only in Western Cape Province, South Africa. [e]
• Bitis schneideri [r]: A venomous viper species found in a small coastal region straddling the border between Namibia and South Africa. [e]
• Bitis worthingtoni [r]: A venomous viper species found only in the high central Rift Valley of Kenya. [e]
• Bitis xeropaga [r]: Venomous viper species found in Namibia and South Africa [e]
• Bitis [r]: Genus of venomous vipers found in Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula. [e]
• Bordetella pertussis [r]: Gram-negative, aerobic coccobacillus of the genus Bordetella, and the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough. [e]
• Borrelia burgdorferi [r]: Gram-negative, helically shaped bacterium that is the causative agent of Lyme disease. [e]
• Botany [r]: The study of plants, algae and fungi (mycology). [e]
• Bristletail [r]: An order of small, primitive insects, which includes the silverfish. [e]
• Brochothrix thermosphacta [r]: Gram-positive rod, non-sporing, non motile facultative anaerobe, which is the predominant spoilage organism in chilled raw meats and processed meat products stored aerobically or under modified atmospheres. [e]
• Brown hyaena [r]: The only species in the genus parahyaena, found in areas of Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe and south west Angola. [e]
• Cacatuidae (Cockatoos) [r]: 21 bird species belonging to the family Cacatuidae, and the order Psittaciformes, found in Australasia. [e]
• Caenorhabditis elegans [r]: Free-living, transparent nematode (roundworm), about 1 mm in length, which lives in temperate soil environments. [e]
• Caesar's Grunt [r]: A Caribbean fish in the family Haemulidae. [e]
• Caesar's Mushroom [r]: Edible mushroom in the genus Amanita, native to southern Europe and North Africa. [e]
• Canine distemper virus [r]: Acute virus disease of dogs caused by a morbillivirus, and characterized by high morbidity and high mortality, ocular and nasal discharge, vomiting, diarrhoea, coughing, dyspnoea and seizures. [e]
• Cat [r]: A feline, particularly the domesticated feline, Felis catus, a small carnivorous mammal. [e]
• Causinae [r]: Monotypic subfamily of venomous vipers found only in subsaharan Africa. [e]
• Causus bilineatus [r]: A venomous member of the genus Causus, found in south central Africa. [e]
• Causus defilippii [r]: A venomous member of the genus Causus, found in East Africa. [e]
• Causus lichtensteinii [r]: A venomous viper species found in western and central Africa with no known subspecies. [e]
• Causus maculatus [r]: Venomous viper species found mainly in West- and Central Africa. [e]
• Causus resimus [r]: A venomous member of the genus Causus, found in isolated populations distributed across tropical Africa. [e]
• Causus rhombeatus [r]: A venomous member of the genus Causus, found in subsaharan Africa. [e]
• Cerastes (genus) [r]: A venomous member of the genus Cerastes, found in the deserts and semi-deserts of northern North Africa eastward through Arabia and Iran. [e]
• Cerastes cerastes [r]: A venomous member of the genus Cerastes, native to the deserts of Northern Africa and parts of the Middle East. [e]
• Cerastes gasperettii [r]: A venomous member of the genus Cerastes, found in the Middle East from Israel to Iran, and especially in the Arabian Peninsula. [e]
• Cerastes vipera [r]: A venomous member of the genus Cerastes, found in the deserts of North Africa and the Sinai Peninsula. [e]
• Chlamydia trachomatis [r]: An obligate intracellular human pathogen, is one of three bacterial species in the genus Chlamydia, that causes trachoma, inclusion conjunctivitis, lymphogranuloma venereum, nonspecific urethritis, and proctitis in humans. [e]
• Chlorella minutissima [r]: Spherical unicellular marine alga that has chlorophyll a and b, and synthesizes starch, like plants. [e]
• Chromobacterium violaceum [r]: Gram-negative rod shape bacterium that produces violet pigment [e]
• Circus melanoleucos (Pied Harrier) [r]: A species of harrier found in south and south-east Asia. [e]
• Clostridium difficile [r]: A bacteria species causing infectious diarhhea and pseudomembranous colitis. [e]
• Clostridium tetani [r]: Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic bacterium of the genus Clostridium, that produces a powerful toxin, tetanospasmin, that blocks inhibitory synapses in the central nervous system and thus causes the severe muscle spasms characteristic of tetanus. [e]
• Coral snake [r]: Large group of elapid snakes most notable for their red, yellow, and black colored banding. [e]
• Crotalus durissus [r]: A venomous rattlesnake species found in Mexico and South America. [e]
• Crotalus horridus [r]: Venomous pitviper of the genus Crotalus, found in the eastern United States. [e]
• Daboia russelii siamensis [r]: Eastern Russell's viper, a subspecies found in parts of southeast Asia, southern China and Taiwan. [e]
• Daboia [r]: A monotypic genus created for a venomous viper species, D. russelii. [e]
• Dacrydium cupressinum [r]: A large evergreen coniferous tree endemic to the forests of New Zealand. [e]
• Damselfly [r]: An insect of the suborder Zygoptera in the order Odonata. [e]
• Deinococcus radiodurans [r]: Non-pathogenic, Gram-positive aerobic bacteria, and one of the most radioresistant polyextremophile organisms known. [e]
• Diadectes [r]: Genus of large, very reptile-like tetrapods that lived during the Early Permian period. [e]
• Diatom [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Dicrocoelium dendriticum [r]: Parasite fluke that tends to live in cattle or other grazing mammals. [e]
• Dinocephalia [r]: Medium to large, heavily-built therapsid mammal-like reptiles during the Mid-Permian period. [e]
• Dipluran [r]: Small, primitive hexapods with two long appendages at the tip of their abdomens. [e]
• Dog [r]: Domesticated animal often kept as a pet or as a working animal. [e]
• Dragonfly [r]: Insects of the order Odonata or suborder Anisoptera, having a long slender body and two pairs of narrow, net-veined wings that are usually held outstretched while the insect is at rest. [e]
• Drosophila [r]: Flies of the family Drosophilidae, having larvae that feed on ripening or fermenting fruits and vegetables, especially the common species Drosophila melanogaster, often used in genetic research. [e]
• Drosophilidae [r]: Family of myodarian cyclorrhaphous dipteran insects in the subsection Acalypteratae, including the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). [e]
• Drosophilinae [r]: The largest subfamily in the Drosophilidae. [e]
• Ebola HF [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Ebola [r]: A virus that causes severe hemhorragic fever and often death, that is easily spread. [e]
• Echidna (genus) [r]: Genus of moray eels in the family Muraenidae. [e]
• Echis carinatus astolae [r]: Venomous viper subspecies of the genus Echis, endemic to Astola Island off the coast of Pakistan. [e]
• Echis carinatus multisquamatus [r]: Venomous viper subspecies[3] found in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. [e]
• Echis carinatus sinhaleyus [r]: Venomous viper subspecies of the genus Echis, endemic to Sri Lanka. [e]
• Echis carinatus sochureki [r]: Venomous viper subspecies of the genus Echis, found in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran and parts of the Arabian Peninsula. [e]
• Echis carinatus [r]: Venomous viper species of the genus Echis, found in parts of the Middle East, Central Asia, and especially the Indian subcontinent. [e]
• Echis coloratus [r]: Venomous viper species of the genus Echis, found in the Middle East and Egypt. [e]
• Echis hughesi [r]: Venomous viper species of the genus Echis, found only in Somalia. [e]
• Echis jogeri [r]: Venomous viper species found only in Mali. [e]
• Echis leucogaster [r]: Venomous viper species of the genus Echis, found in West and Northwest Africa. [e]
• Echis megalocephalus [r]: Venomous viper species of the genus Echis, found only on one island in the Red Sea off the coast of Eritrea. [e]
• Echis ocellatus [r]: Venomous viper species of the genus Echis, found mainly in West Africa. [e]
• Echis pyramidum aliaborri [r]: Venomous viper subspecies of the genus Echis, found only in northern Kenya. [e]
• Echis pyramidum leakeyi [r]: Venomous viper subspecies of the genus Echis, found only in northwestern Kenya. [e]
• Echis pyramidum [r]: Venomous viper species of the genus Echis, found mainly in north-east Africa, but also in parts of the Arabian Peninsula. [e]
• Echis [r]: Quick-tempered viper genus of Africa, the Middle East, India and Sri Lanka that produce hemotoxic venom. [e]
• Encephalomyocarditis virus [r]: Picornavirus that causes a febrile illness with central nervous system involvement in humans. [e]
• Entognatha [r]: A wingless class of hexapods consisting of very primitive animals which were formerly considered insects. [e]
• Epidendroideae [r]: It is the largest subfamily of Orchidaceae, with three quarters of all known species, split into several tribes and subtribes, encompassing more than five hundred genera and about twenty thousand species distributed almost all over the world, except in the dryer deserts and polar areas; known for being orchids with coherent pollen forming pollinia and with one incumbent anther only, or with the anther bent back, but then with clearly plicate leaves and roots hardly ever fleshy. [e]
• Eristicophis [r]: Monotypic genus created for a venomous viper species, E. macmahonii, found only in the desert region of Balochistan near the borders of Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. [e]
• Eudocimus ruber (Scarlet Ibis) [r]: Species of ibis that occurs in tropical South America and Trinidad and Tobago. [e]
• Eukaryote [r]: An organism that is composed of one or more cells containing cell nuclei. [e]
• Fern [r]: are a group of seedless vascular plants that make up the class Pteropsida, closely allied to horsetails and whisk ferns, also considered to be ferns, with which form the division Pterophyta, that evolved in the Devonian period comprising about 12,000 species. [e]
• Flavin [r]: A tricyclic biochemical based on pteridine that is derived from the vitamin riboflavin. [e]
• Fungus [r]: A eukaryotic organism, classified into the kingdom Fungi, that is heterotrophic and digest their food externally, and may be a yeast, mold, or mushroom. [e]
• Gallirallus australis (Weka) [r]: Flightless bird species of the rail family, endemic to New Zealand. [e]
• Ganoderma lucidum [r]: Mushroom found throughout the United States, Europe, South America, and Asia that appears to have antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, and immunostimulating activity. [e]
• Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) [r]: Endangered species of bear native to south-western China, with distinctive black and white coat and diet of mainly bamboo. [e]
• Ginkgo [r]: Dioecious tree, commonly known as the maidenhair tree (Ginkgo biloba), that is native to China and is cultivated as a shade tree, and is regarded as a living fossil. [e]
• Gobioides broussonnetii [r]: Long, slender, eel-like, non aggressive fish. [e]
• Gorgonopsia [r]: An extinct group of primitive mammal-like reptiles found in Permian aged deposits of southern Africa and Russia. [e]
• Graydidascalus brachyurus (Short-tailed Parrot) [r]: Only species of the genus Graydidascalus, found along both banks of the Amazon river and other major Amazonian rivers in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. [e]
• Green Anaconda [r]: Largest member of the boa family of snakes and a member of the super-order Squamata, known to live in the seasonally flooded lowlands surrounding the Amazon basin. [e]
• Halobacterium NRC-1 [r]: A microorganism from the Archaea kingdom perfectly suited for life in highly saline environments giving biologists an ideal specimen for genetic studies. [e]
• Halobacterium volcanii [r]: Gram positive, halophilic archaebacterium, that is salt tolerant and can thrive in high temperatures. [e]
• Helicobacter pylori [r]: Gram-negative, urease-positive, microaerophilic bacterium that can inhabit various areas of the stomach and duodenum, and is strongly linked to the development of duodenal and gastric ulcers and stomach cancer. [e]
• Heterotaxis [r]: is a genus of orchids formed by a group of circa fourteen large epiphytic neotropical species of small flowers which previously were considered part of genus Maxillaria. [e]
• Hexapod [r]: Arthropods with six legs, divided into insects and the more primiive entognatha. [e]
• Homo ergaster [r]: Early hominid that may either have been a predecessor of Homo erectus or an early group of Homo erectus. [e]
• Homo floresiensis [r]: A subspecies of hominid popularly known as the "hobbit". [e]
• Homo habilis [r]: An enigmatic early hominin species found dominantly in East African fossil deposits dated to approximately 1.8 to 2 million years ago. [e]
• Horizontal gene transfer [r]: Transfer of genetic material to a being other than one of the donor's offspring. [e]
• Horse [r]: Strong, intelligent equine in domestication for thousands of years and also found in the wild in feral populations. [e]
• Human [r]: Bipedal mammalian species native to most continents and sharing a common ape ancestor with chimpanzees, gorillas and orang-utans; notable for evolving language and adapting its habitat to its own needs. [e]
• Hyaenidae [r]: Breakdown of the taxonomic family Hyaenidae. [e]
• Indri indri (Indri) [r]: The largest living lemur native only on the island of Madagascar. [e]
• Insect [r]: One of numerous small arthropod animals with six legs, an exoskeleton that grows by molting, and oftentimes wings. [e]
• Isabelia [r]: Is an orchid genus formed by three tiny species spread from Northeast of Brazil to Argentina, two species previously classified under genera Neolaucea and Sophronitella, which are closely related to the genera Constantia. [e]
• Japanese encephalitis virus [r]: Human viral infection epidemic in Japan, transmitted by the common house mosquito (Culex pipiens) and characterized by severe inflammation of the brain. [e]
• Jumping bristletail [r]: Wingless, medium-sized insect measuring around 15 mm in length, excluding the tails and antennae. [e]
• Kingdom (biology) [r]: The second highest level taxon of organisms in scientific classification and biological taxonomy. [e]
• Klebsiella pneumoniae [r]: Gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated, lactose fermenting, facultative anaerobic, rod shaped bacterium that causes severe pneumonitis in humans. [e]
• Lachesis (genus) [r]: Genus of venomous pitvipers found in the remote, forested areas in Central and South America. [e]
• Lachesis muta [r]: Venomous pit viper species found in South America. [e]
• Lactobacillus acidophilus [r]: Gram-positive homo-fermentative bacteria species, capable of fermenting sugars into lactic acid commonly used in dairy production, and one of the most common forms of probiotics. [e]
• Lactobacillus casei [r]: Rod-shaped, gram positive, anaerobic bacteria of genus Lactobacillus, found in the human intestine and mouth. [e]
• Lactobacillus delbrueckii [r]: An anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium found in dairy products such as yogurt, milk, and cheese. [e]
• Lactobacillus kimchii [r]: Gram-positive, rod-shaped, lactic acid bacterium of the genus Lactobacillus, named for and found in the Korean fermented-vegetable food kimchi. [e]
• Lactobacillus plantarum [r]: Gram-positive aerotolerant bacteria, commonly found in many fermented food products as well as anaerobic plant matter. [e]
• Lactobacillus rhamnosus [r]: Rod shaped, gram positive, nonmotile faculative aerobic probiotic bacteria that ferments sugars to yield lactic acid. [e]
• Lactococcus lactis [r]: Gram-positive bacteria used extensively in the production of buttermilk and cheese. [e]
• Leech [r]: Annelids of the class Hirudinea, characterized by a cylindrical or slightly flattened body with suckers at either end for attaching to prey and drawing blood. [e]
• Legionella pneumophila [r]: Gram-negative, pleomorphic bacterium of the genus Legionella, and the primary human pathogenic agent of legionellosis or Legionnaires' disease. [e]
• Leptotes (orchid) [r]: A genus of orchids formed by nine small species that exist primarily in the dry jungles of South and Southeast Brazil. [e]
• List of viperine species and subspecies [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Listeria monocytogenes [r]: Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, which is a virulent foodborne pathogen and a causative agent of Listeriosis. [e]
• Loefgrenianthus [r]: A monotypic genus of orchids from Southeast and Southern Brazil closely related to Leptotes. [e]
• Macrovipera deserti [r]: Venomous viper species found in North Africa. [e]
• Macrovipera lebetina cernovi [r]: Venomous viper subspecies of the genus Macrovipera, found in Iran, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. [e]
• Macrovipera lebetina obtusa [r]: Venomous viper subspecies found between central Turkey and northern Pakistan (Kashmir). [e]
• Macrovipera lebetina transmediterranea [r]: Venomous viper subspecies of the genus Macrovipera, found only in Algeria and Tunis. [e]
• Macrovipera lebetina turanica [r]: Venomous viper subspecies found in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan and Pakistan. [e]
• Macrovipera lebetina [r]: Venomous viper species found in North Africa. [e]
• Macrovipera mauritanica [r]: A venomous viper species found in northwestern Africa. [e]
• Macrovipera schweizeri [r]: Venomous viper species of the genus Macrovipera, found in Greece on the islands of the Cyclades Archipelago in the Aegean sea. [e]
• Macrovipera [r]: Genus of venomous vipers that inhabit the semideserts and steppes of North Africa, the Near and Middle East, and the Milos Archipelago in the Aegean Sea. [e]
• Magnaporthe grisea [r]: Plant-pathogenic ascomycete fungus that causes blast disease or blight disease, in cereal crops including wheat, rye, barley, pearl millet, and rice. [e]
• Maize [r]: Cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica and subsequently spread throughout the world, and one of the most widely grown crops in the Americas. [e]
• Malassezia pachydermatis [r]: Pathogenic lipophilic yeast whose uncontrolled growth may lead to pruritic dermatitis, fungemia and other nosocomial infections in immunocompromised humans. [e]
• Mammal [r]: A warm-blooded animal with a backbone which also has hair, and produces milk to feeds its young. [e]
• Mayfly [r]: Winged insects of the order Ephemeroptera that develop from aquatic nymphs and live in the adult stage no longer than a few days. [e]
• Megaloptera [r]: Order of insects that includes alderflies, dobsonflies, and fishflies. [e]
• Microbe [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Microbiology [r]: The study of microorganisms (overlapping with areas of virology, bacteriology, mycology, and parasitology). [e]
• Micrococcus luteus [r]: Gram positive, spherical, saprotrophic bacterium that belongs to the family Micrococcaceae, considered as an emerging nosocomial pathogen in immunocompromised patients. [e]
• Microcystis aeruginosa [r]: Common species of cyanobacteria from the genus Microcystis, that blooms in the fresh and low salinity portions of water, producing toxins that result in health problems to animals. [e]
• Microcystis [r]: Genus of the cyanobacteria, a naturally occurring algae in the tidal fresh and low salinity areas which produces a peptide toxin, microcystin, which causes acute liver necrosis. [e]
• Microsporum canis [r]: Fungus that causes dermatophytosis (ringworm) in dogs and cats. [e]
• Micrurus fulvius [r]: Venomous elapid species found in the southeastern U.S.A. [e]
• Miltonia [r]: An orchid genus formed by nine showy epiphyte species and seven natural hybrids of Brazil, one species reaching Argentina and Paraguay. [e]
• Molluscum contagiosum [r]: Viral infection of the skin or occasionally of the mucous membranes, characterized by one or more discrete, waxy, dome-shaped nodules with frequent umbilication. [e]
• Montatheris [r]: Monotypic genus created for a venomous viper species, M. hindii, found only at high altitude on Mount Kenya and the Aberdare mountain range in Kenya. [e]
• Mycobacterium leprae [r]: Aerobic, rod-shaped, pleomorphic mycobacterium, that causes leprosy (Hansen's disease). [e]
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis [r]: A non-motile, rod shaped bacterium, and the primary cause of the disease tuberculosis. [e]
• Myriapoda [r]: Arthropods with many legs, such as centipedes and millipedes. [e]
• Myxococcus xanthus [r]: Rod shaped, gram negative bacteria that exists as a self-organized, predatory, saprotrophic, single-species biofilm called a swarm. [e]
• Naegleria fowleri [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Neisseria meningitidis [r]: Heterotrophic gram-negative diplococcal bacterium best known for its role in meningitis, and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia. [e]
• Neomura [r]: Speculative clade composed of the two domains of life of Archaea and Eukaryota. [e]
• Neoptera [r]: Infraclass containing most modern winged insects. [e]
• Neuropterida [r]: A taxonomical superorder in the class Insecta. [e]
• Noctiluca scintillans [r]: Free-living, heterotrophic, non-parasitic marine-dwelling species of dinoflagellate that exhibits bioluminescence. [e]
• Odonata [r]: The order that includes dragonflies and damselflies. [e]
• Orchid [r]: Any plant classified under Orchidaceae, one of the largest plant families and the largest among Monocotyledons. [e]
• Oriolus isabellae (Isabela Oriole) [r]: Oriole species, endemic to Luzon, the Philippines, presumed extinct until its rediscovery 1993. [e]
• Palaeoptera [r]: Infraclass containing the ancient winged insects: dragonflies, damselflies, and mayflies. [e]
• Panthera leo (Lion) [r]: Large gregarious predatory carnivorous feline of Africa and India having a tawny coat with a shaggy mane in the male, one of four big cats in the genus Panthera, and a member of the family Felidae. [e]
• Panthera tigris (Tiger) [r]: Large carnivorous feline mammal of Asia, having a tawny coat with transverse black stripes, a member of the Felidae family, and the largest of the four 'big cats' in the genus Panthera. [e]
• Papaya [r]: Fruit of the plant Carica papaya, in the genus Carica. [e]
• Pfiesteria shumwayae [r]: Heterotrophic dinoflagellate species in the genus Pfiesteria, which has the ability for photosynthesis through eating green algae and retaining their chloroplasts. [e]
• Photobacterium phosphoreum [r]: A Gram-negative bioluminescent bacterium living in symbiosis with marine organisms. [e]
• Phymatochilum [r]: Is an orchid genus formed by only one species, Phymatochilum brasiliense, inhabitant of Serra do Mar mountains in Brazilian southeast and northeast, which vegetatively resembles Oncidium species, however, is more closely related to the genus Miltonia. [e]
• Pilobolus crystallinus [r]: Species of fungus belonging to the Mucorales order, with spores that adhere to vegetation, which are eaten by grazing animals. [e]
• Placeholder [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Plant (organism) [r]: A eukaryotic organism, grouped into the kingdom Plantae, that typically synthesizes nutrients through photosynthesis and possesses the inability to voluntarily move. [e]
• Plasmodium falciparum [r]: Protozoan parasite, one of the species of Plasmodium that cause falciparum malaria in humans, transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito. [e]
• Platypus [r]: An amphibious, egg-laying monotreme (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) of eastern mainland Australia and Tasmania, 45-60 cm in total length, having webbed feet and a muzzle like the bill of a duck; also known as the duck-billed platypus. [e]
• Porphyromonas gingivalis [r]: Gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria which produces a cell-bound, oxygen-sensitive collagenase and is isolated from the human mouth. [e]
• Primate [r]: A member of the biological order Primates, which includes prosimians (galagos, lorises, lemurs and tarsiers), monkeys, apes, and humans. [e]
• Proatheris [r]: Monotypic genus created for a venomous viper species, P. superciliaris, found in Tanzania, Malawi and Mozambique. [e]
• Proteus mirabilis [r]: A gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria belonging to the enterobacteriaceae family [e]
• Proteus vulgaris [r]: Rod-shaped, Gram negative bacterium that inhabits the intestinal tracts of humans and animals, and known to cause urinary tract infections and wound infections. [e]
• Proturan [r]: An order of microscopic hexapods. [e]
• Prumnopitys taxifolia [r]: A coniferous tree endemic to New Zealand. [e]
• Pseudocerastes persicus fieldi [r]: Venomous viper subspecies found in the deserts of the Middle East. [e]
• Pseudocerastes [r]: Monotypic genus created for a venomous viper species, P. persicus, found throughout the Middle East and as far east as Pakistan, but not on the African mainland. [e]
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa [r]: Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium which can cause disease in animals and humans, and is the most significant cause of hospital-acquired infections, particularly in predisposed patients with metabolic, hematologic, and malignant diseases. [e]
• Pseudomonas putida [r]: Gram-negative,rod-shaped, saprotrophic soil bacterium which demonstrates a very diverse metabolism, including the ability to degrade organic solvents such as toluene, and is used in bioremediation. [e]
• Pseudomonas syringae [r]: Rod shaped, Gram-negative bacterium with polar flagella, implicated as an atmospheric 'biological ice nucleator', playing a role in making rain and snow. [e]
• Psittaciformes [r]: Monofamilial order of parrots that exhibit zygodactylism and have a strong hooked bill. [e]
• Pterygota [r]: The infraclass (subclass) of insects containing all winged insects. [e]
• Pyrococcus furiosus [r]: Extremophilic species of Archaea, having an optimum growth temperature of 100°C and being one of the few organisms identified as possessing enzymes containing tungsten. [e]
• Rabbit [r]: Long-eared, short-tailed, burrowing mammals of the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, found in several parts of the world. [e]
• Rabies virus [r]: Neurotrophic virus that causes fatal disease in human and animals, transmitted through the saliva of infected animals. [e]
• Red Sea Urchin [r]: A species of marine invertebrate belonging to the phylum Echinodermata or "spiny-skinned" animals. [e]
• Rose [r]: Any of thousands of varieties of shrubs and flowers belonging to the genus Rosa; belongs to a larger group called a family, named Rosaceae, that includes brambles and briars. [e]
• Salmonella enterica [r]: Rod shaped, flagellated, aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium that causes food poisoning and gastroenteritis. [e]
• Scaphyglottis [r]: Is an orchid genus formed by almost seventy species of tropical New World characterized by the habit of shooting new pseudobulbs both from the apex and the base of older ones and by its generally dull colored small flowers that bloom several times on previous years pseudobulbs. [e]
• Scuticaria [r]: A genus of orchids, closely related to Bifrenaria, formed by nine showy species of cylindrical leaves, which exist in three isolated areas of South America. [e]
• Serratia marcescens [r]: Pathogenic gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium in the family Enterobacteriaceae, involved in nosocomial infections, particularly catheter-associated bacteremia, urinary tract infections and wound infections. [e]
• Shigella dysenteriae [r]: Gram-negative, rod (bacillus) shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, facultative anaerobic bacteria that are not capsualted. [e]
• Snake (organism) [r]: Elongate legless carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes, order Squamata, abundant in all warm countries. [e]
• Snakefly [r]: A snakefly is a flying insect with a long neck, giving it a snake-like appearance. [e]
• Sneezewort [r]: Domesticated garden plant from the genus Achillea with clusters of larger, button-like flowers. [e]
• Sophophora [r]: Subgenus of the insect genus Drosophila, containing ten species groups of which Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) is the best known. [e]
• Species (biology) [r]: A fundamental unit of biological classification - a set of individual organisms that produce fertile offspring. [e]
• Sphenodon guntheri (Tuatara) [r]: Nocturnal reptile endemic to New Zealand, and the only extant member of the order Sphenodontia. [e]
• Spotted hyaena [r]: A carnivorous mammal and the most recognizable of the hyaena species. [e]
• Springtail [r]: Small primative hexapods whose chief ecological function are to scavenge. [e]
• Staphylococcus aureus [r]: Facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive pathogenic coccus capable of producing suppurative lesions, furunculosis, pyemia, osteomyelitis, food poisoning, and may be resistant to commonly used antibiotics. [e]
• Staphylococcus epidermidis [r]: Non-motile Gram-positive cocci, a part of human flora and the mucuos membranes of animals, that's becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics due to continuous overuse. [e]
• Staphylococcus epidermis [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Steganinae [r]: Smaller of two subfamilies in the fruit fly family Drosophilidae. [e]
• Streptococcus agalactiae [r]: Beta-hemolytic gram-positive streptococcus, which is a major cause of bacterial septicemia of the newborn, which can lead to death or long-term sequelae, and neonatal meningitis. [e]
• Streptococcus mutans [r]: Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacterium commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay. [e]
• Streptococcus pneumoniae [r]: Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic, bile soluble diplococcus recognized as a major cause of pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, and other diseases in humans. [e]
• Streptococcus pyogenes [r]: Spherical gram-positive pathogenic bacterium that grows in long chains and is the cause of Group A streptococcal infections, and fatal septicemias. [e]
• Striped hyaena [r]: A review of habitat, range, behaviour, and diet of the striped hyaena. [e]
• Symbiodinium microadriaticum [r]: Aquatic species of single-celled algal zooxanthellae, which thrive on symbiotic relationships with larger organisms, primarily in the gastroderms of coral. [e]
• Tallong Midge Orchid [r]: Tiny flower that grows only in the village of Tallong in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, and is now a protected species. [e]
• Thermoplasma acidophilum [r]: Gram-negative extremophile bacterium that varies from a spherical to filamentous structure, with a known ability to survive high temperatures and low pH's without denaturation occurring. [e]
• Thermus aquaticus [r]: Species of gram-negative extreme thermophile bacterium, that can tolerate high temperatures, and found in geyser springs. [e]
• Thiomargarita namibiensis [r]: Large gram-negative coccoid Proteobacterium, found in the ocean sediments of the continental shelf off the Namibian coast. [e]
• To be determined [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Toxoplasma gondii* [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Toxoplasma gondii [r]: Species of parasitic protozoa in the genus Toxoplasma, acts as a causative agent for toxoplasmosis, which can have serious or even fatal effects on a fetus whose mother first contracts the disease during pregnancy or on an immunocompromised human. [e]
• Treponema pallidum [r]: The pathogen, a spirochete, which causes the infectious disease, syphilis. [e]
• Trichomonas vaginalis [r]: Anaerobic, parasitic flagellated protozoan, which is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, and is the most common pathogenic protozoan infection of humans in industrialized countries. [e]
• Trypanosoma brucei [r]: Parasitic obligate protist species, with three subspecies, that causes African trypanosomiasis (or sleeping sickness) in humans and nagana in animals in Africa. [e]
• Tuatara [r]: An amniote of the family Sphenodontidae, native to and found only in New Zealand. [e]
• Varecia variegata (Black-and-white Ruffed Lemur) [r]: A large quadrupedal Lemur found only on the island of Madagascar. [e]
• Vibrio cholerae [r]: Motile, gram negative curved-rod shaped bacterium, with a polar flagellum that causes cholera in humans. [e]
• Vibrio fischeri [r]: Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium, found globally in the marine environments in symbiosis with certain deep sea marine life with their bioluminescent organs. [e]
• Vibrio harveyi [r]: Gram-negative, rod-shaped bioluminescent marine bacteria, responsible for luminous vibriosis, a disease that affects commercially-farmed penaeid prawns. [e]
• Vibrio parahaemolyticus [r]: Curved, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium found in brackish saltwater, which, when ingested, causes gastrointestinal illness in humans. [e]
• Vibrio vulnificus [r]: Gram-negative, motile, curved, rod-shaped bacteria present in marine environments, capable of causing septicemia in individuals with an underlying chronic disease, as well as causing wound infections to persons who handle shellfish. [e]
• Vipera albicornuta [r]: Iranian mountain viper, zigzag mountain viper; venomous viper species endemic in Iran. [e]
• Vipera albizona [r]: Central Turkish mountain viper; venomous viper species endemic to the mountainous regions of central Turkey. [e]
• Vipera ammodytes gregorwallneri [r]: Venomous viper subspecies found mainly in Austria and the former Yugoslavia. [e]
• Vipera ammodytes meridionalis [r]: Venomous viper subspecies found in Greece and Turkish Thrace. [e]
• Vipera ammodytes montandoni [r]: Venomous viper subspecies found in Bulgaria and southern Romania. [e]
• Vipera ammodytes transcaucasiana [r]: Venomous viper subspecies of the genus Vipera, found in parts of Georgia and northern Turkish Anatolia. [e]
• Vipera ammodytes [r]: Horned viper, long-nosed viper, sand viper, nose-horned viper, horn-nosed viper; venomous viper species found in southern Europe through to the Balkans and parts of the Middle East. [e]
• Vipera aspis atra [r]: Subspecies of venomous viper; found in France, Switzerland and Italy [e]
• Vipera aspis francisciredi [r]: Venomous viper subspecies found in Italy, where it is the most common and widely distributed venomous snake. [e]
• Vipera aspis hugyi [r]: Venomous viper subspecies found only in Italy. [e]
• Vipera aspis zinnikeri [r]: Gascony asp; venomous viper subspecies found in the Pyrenees region of Spain and France. [e]
• Vipera aspis [r]: Asp; a venomous viper species found in southwestern Europe. [e]
• Vipera barani [r]: Baran's adder, Turkish viper; venomous viper species endemic in Turkey. [e]
• Vipera berus bosniensis [r]: A venomous viper subspecies found only on the Balkan Peninsula. [e]
• Vipera berus sachalinensis [r]: Venomous viper subspecies found in the Russian Far East, China, North Korea and on Sakhalin Island. [e]
• Vipera berus [r]: Widespread venomous viper found in Western Europe, Great Britain and eastward to Far East Asia. [e]
• Vipera bornmuelleri [r]: Bornmuellers viper; venomous viper species found in the Golan Heights, Lebanon and Syria. [e]
• Vipera bulgardaghica [r]: Bulgardagh viper; venomous viper species endemic in the mountains of southern Turkey. [e]
• Vipera darevskii [r]: Darevsky's viper; venomous viper species found in Armenia and possibly also in Georgia. [e]
• Vipera dinniki [r]: Dinnik's viper, Caucasus subalpine viper; venomous viper species found in Russia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. [e]
• Vipera kaznakovi [r]: Venomous viper species found in Turkey, Georgia and Russia. [e]
• Vipera latastei gaditana [r]: Venomous viper subspecies found in southern Spain and Portugal, as well as in North Africa. [e]
• Vipera latastei [r]: Lataste's viper, snub-nosed viper; venomous viper species found in extreme southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa. [e]
• Vipera latifii [r]: Latifi's viper; venomous viper species endemic in Iran. [e]
• Vipera lotievi [r]: Caucasian meadow viper; venomous viper species found in Russia, [e]
• Vipera monticola [r]: Atlas mountain viper; venomous viper species endemic in Morocco. [e]
• Vipera nikolskii [r]: Nikolsky's adder, forest-steppe adder; venomous viper species endemic in Ukraine. [e]
• Vipera palaestinae [r]: Palestine viper; venomous viper species found in Syria, Jordan, Israel and Lebanon. [e]
• Vipera pontica [r]: Pontic adder; venomous viper species found in Turkey and Georgia. [e]
• Vipera raddei [r]: Rock viper, Radde's mountain viper, Armenian mountain viper; venomous viper species found in Turkey, Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and possibly also in Iraq. [e]
• Vipera seoanei cantabrica [r]: Venomous viper subspecies found in the south central parts of the Cantabrian Mountains in Spain. [e]
• Vipera seoanei [r]: Baskian viper; venomous viper species found in extreme southwestern France and the northern regions of Spain and Portugal. [e]
• Vipera ursinii [r]: Meadow viper, Ursini's viper; very widespread species of venomous viper, found from southeastern France all the way to China. [e]
• Vipera wagneri [r]: Venomous viper species found in eastern Turkey and northwest Iran. [e]
• Vipera xanthina [r]: Rock viper, coastal viper, Ottoman viper, Turkish viper, Near East viper; venomous viper species found in northeastern Greece and Turkey, as well as certain islands in the Aegean Sea. [e]
• Vipera [r]: Genus of venomous vipers. [e]
• Viperinae [r]: (Pitless vipers, true vipers, Old World vipers); a subfamily of venomous vipers found in Europe, Asia and Africa, distinguished by their lack of the heat-sensing pit organs that characterize their sister group, the Crotalinae. [e]
• Wheat [r]: Grass crop grown worldwide and used in making flour and fermentation for alcohol production. [e]
• Woolly lemur [r]: Medium-sized quadrupedal lemurs found only on the island of Madagascar. [e]
• Xenopus laevis [r]: The South African Clawed Frog, an important model system in many branches of biology. [e]
• Yak [r]: Wild long-haired bovine (Bos grunniens) found throughout the Himalayan region of south Central Asia, the Tibetan Plateau and as far north as Mongolia. [e]
• Yersinia pestis [r]: Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, that can infect humans and other animals in three main forms: pneumonic, septicemic, and the notorious bubonic plagues. [e]