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- 1967 Arab-Israeli War [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi [r]: A Salafist theologian with much influence on Jihad, currently in Jordan; some affiliation with al-Qaeda but not necessarily in full agreement with their approach [e]
- Abu Musab al-Zarqawi [r]: Killed in an airstrike in 2006, the head of al-Qaeda in Iraq, who had previously run a separate organization [e]
- Alexander the Great [r]: King of Macedon who conquered the Persian Empire in the late 4th century BCE. [e]
- American Congress for Truth [r]: An influence group strongly opposed to all aspects of militant Islam [e]
- Anbar Province [r]: The largest province in Iraq, with a Sunni majority; capital is Ramadi and Fallujah is within its borders [e]
- Andrew Exum [r]: A Fellow with the Center for a New American Security, who has done fieldwork in Lebanon, served as a U.S. Army infantry officer in Afghanistan and Iraq, and worked in evaluation for United States Central Command [e]
- Arab-Israeli Conflict [r]: Politics, insurgency, terrorism, and counterinsurgency between the State of Israel and the population of the Occupied Territories of the West Bank and Gaza [e]
- Arabic language [r]: is a Semitic language used by Islam and is an official or co-official language in the 22 countries which together make up the Arab World. [e]
- Arab [r]: A person whose native language is Arabic, whether born in the Arabian Peninsula (Arabia) or in Africa. [e]
- Aramaic [r]: A Semetic language spoken in much of the Middle East outside the Arabian Peninsula in ancient times. [e]
- Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs [r]: Head of the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs of the United States Department of State, conducts relations with, and supervises the U.S. Missions to, Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestinian Territories, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen; at the regional level, deals with Iraq, Middle East peace, terrorism and weapons of mass destruction, and political and economic reform; incumbent is Jeffrey Feltman [e]
- Australia, history [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Australia [r]: Continent in the Southern Hemisphere and the federal parliamentary nation that occupies it. [e]
- Barry Rubin [r]: Director of the Global Research for International Affairs Center and editor of the Middle East Review of International Affairs Journal; senior fellow, Foreign Policy Research Institute [e]
- Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs [r]: In the United States Department of State, the organization that deals with the countries of the Middle East, North African Maghreb, and Iran [e]
- CIA activities in Peru [r]: Add brief definition or description
- CIA activities in the Middle East and South Asia [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Center for Security Policy [r]: An American conservative research and policy advisory group, founded by Frank Gaffney, Jr., focused on the preservation of all aspects of American national power [e]
- Confederation [r]: A sovereign nation formed by the joining together of other sovereign nations. [e]
- Country [r]: Nation, state, region, or territory, or large tract of land distinguishable by features of topography, biology, or culture. [e]
- Crusades [r]: Medieval wars of religion fought by Christians, the most famous being in the Holy Land. [e]
- Daniel Pipes [r]: Director of the Middle East Forum; publisher, Middle East Quarterly and Taube distinguished visiting fellow at the Hoover Institution of Stanford University; member, Committee on the Present Danger; book author and columnist, director 1986-1983, Foreign Policy Research Institute; board member, United States Institute of Peace; son of Soviet specialist Richard Pipes; Hasbara speakers bureau; "favorite columnist", American Conservative Union [e]
- David Pearce [r]: US Foreign Service Officer, U.S. Ambassador to Algeria (2008-present); a senior advisor to U.S. Ambassador to Iraq Ryan Crocker, and a planner of the "Surge" [e]
- Druze [r]: A religious offshoot of Shia Islam in the Middle East. [e]
- Egypt [r]: A country in the northeastern corner of Africa, bordering Sudan, Libya, the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea [e]
- Failed state [r]: A nation or quasi-nation unable to deliver minimal governance services to its citizens; there may not even be a functioning government [e]
- Foundation for Defense of Democracies [r]: An American think tank focusing on threats from terrorism and militant Islamists, from which Democratic advisers resigned and many of the leadership are identified as Republican or conservative [e]
- France [r]: Western European republic (population c. 64.1 million; capital Paris) extending across Europe from the English Channel in the north-west to the Mediterranean in the south-east; bounded by Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Spain; founding member of the European Union. Colonial power in Southeast Asia until 1954. [e]
- French language [r]: A Romance language spoken in northwestern Europe (mainly in France, Belgium, Switzerland), in Canada and in many other countries. [e]
- Hezbollah [r]: An Islamist and Shi'a group, centered in Lebanon, which has conducted terrorism there and worldwide, but also acts a shadow government and provides public services [e]
- Insurgency [r]: A wide range of political and military actions intended to change a government, through means considered illegal by that government. [e]
- Iran-Iraq War [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Iraq Study Group [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Iraq [r]: Country in the Middle East, currently transitioning from rule by the US. [e]
- Islam [r]: Religion founded by Muhammad whose sacred book is the Qur'an (Koran). [e]
- Israel-Palestine conflict [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Israel [r]: Country in the Middle East. [e]
- Jesus in Islam [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Jordan [r]: An Arab country of the Middle East, landlocked and bordered by Iraq, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and the West Bank of Palestine [e]
- Jorge Luis Borges [r]: An Argentinean author best known for his Magical Realism short stories. [e]
- Latin America [r]: The region of the Americas that shares a common tradition and historical heritage of European colonization, mostly Iberian. [e]
- Lebanon [r]: a country in the Middle East. It borders Syria to the north and east, Israel to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Its official language is Arabic, although French is widely spoken. The capital and largest city of Lebanon is Beirut. [e]
- Macrovipera lebetina obtusa [r]: Venomous viper subspecies found between central Turkey and northern Pakistan (Kashmir). [e]
- Macrovipera lebetina [r]: Venomous viper species found in North Africa. [e]
- Maronite Church [r]: Eastern Rite Catholic church centered in Lebanon. [e]
- Mediterranean Sea [r]: The body of water separating Europe from Africa. [e]
- Middle East [r]: A geographical region in Asia that also contains small parts of Europe and Africa. [e]
- Missile Technology Control Regime [r]: Informal and voluntary association of countries which share the goals of non-proliferation of unmanned delivery systems capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction. [e]
- Mount Lebanon [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Muhammad [r]: An Arab prophet and the founder of Islam (570-632 CE). [e]
- Oman [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Ottoman Empire [r]: The Turkish state which controlled much of the Middle East from the 15th century to 1923. [e]
- Palestine [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Republic [r]: A form of government in which political power and authority is derived from the citizenry, and not from a monarch, whether hereditary or "tyrannical" (ie, a dictator). [e]
- Richard Armitage [r]: A U.S. foreign policy specialist, first a U.S. Navy officer in the Vietnam War, who rose to positions including Deputy Secretary of State in the first term of the George W. Bush Administration; board, International Crisis Group [e]
- Richard Perle [r]: An American political scientist who has been an important advisor and facilitator, rather than executive, for U.S. foreign policy and is associated with neoconservatism [e]
- Roman Empire [r]: The period from the ascension of Augustus Caesar to the fall of the Empire. [e]
- Saudi Arabia [r]: A country in the Middle East, governed by a monarchy under Islamic law, which contains the holiest sites in Islam, and also dominates the world's oil economy [e]
- Sephardi Jews [r]: Add brief definition or description
- Soviet support for Iran during the Iran-Iraq War [r]: Soviet efforts to maintain a positive relationship during and after the Iran-Iraq War; they regarded Iran as more strategically important than Iraq [e]
- Tactics [r]: Military concepts and techniques used to fight a battle once battle is joined. [e]
- Terrorism [r]: Any act, nearly always violent, unpredictable, and chaotic in nature, often targetting civilians, intended to create an atmosphere of fear in order to obtain a political objective. [e]
- The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy [r]: A controversial book by two American academics, suggesting that the relationship between the United States and Israel is dysfunctional, but affected by a loose but politically powerful set of interest groups in both countries [e]
- Turkey [r]: A secular Islamic republic (population 71.9 million; capital Ankara) extending from Eastern Thrace in Europe across the peninsula of Asia Minor; meets the Black Sea to the north, the Aegean to the west and the Mediterranean to the south; has land borders with Greece and Bulgaria in Europe, and Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq and Syria. [e]
- Twelver [r]: That branch of Shi'a Islam that believes the blood line of Muhammad and Ali was broken with the death of the twelfth Imam [e]
- U.S. Committee for a Free Lebanon [r]: A U.S. lobby in favor of multi-ethnic solutions to the government of Lebanon [e]
- U.S. foreign policy [r]: The foreign relations and diplomacy of the United States since 1775. [e]
- Vienna Genesis [r]: The oldest well-preserved illustrated biblical codex, a fragment of the Book of Genesis, dating from the early 6th century. [e]
- Vipera palaestinae [r]: Palestine viper; venomous viper species found in Syria, Jordan, Israel and Lebanon. [e]
- Wheat [r]: Grass crop grown worldwide and used in making flour and fermentation for alcohol production. [e]
- World War II, Australia [r]: Military preparations and defense of Australia proper during the Second World War, as well as opearations of Australian forces under Allied high command [e]
