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From Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium

In ecology, a population is all of the individuals of a species that occur in a distinct area or habitat. Most species are composed of many different populations, although different populations do exchange members from time to time. The study of the movements of individuals between populations, and the dynamics of individuals within a population, is the domain of population ecology and population biology. The field of metapopulations is related to this area of study.