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From Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium

Pistachio is the common name for the tree Pistachia vera and its edible seeds.

The pistachio tree is native to western Asia and the Mediterranean area. It is also now cultivated in parts of North America where the climate is favorable. It needs long, hot summers and low humidity. The tree is wide and relatively short, rarely exceeding 30 feet in height.

The nuts each contain a single edible kernel, which is usually eaten on its own.