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- Anion [r]: A chemical ion with a negative charge. Positive ions are called cations. [e]
- Astatine [r]: A radioactive chemical element with atomic number Z=85. [e]
- Bacterial cell structure [r]: Morphological and genetic features of unicellular prokaryotic organisms characterized by the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. [e]
- Brining [r]: A process in which food is soaked in a salt solution (the brine) before cooking. [e]
- Bromine [r]: A chemical element, having the chemical symbol Br, and atomic number (the number of protons) 35. [e]
- Carbon dioxide [r]: Chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. [e]
- Cell (biology) [r]: The basic unit of life, consisting of biochemical networks enclosed by a membrane. [e]
- Cell membrane [r]: The outer surface of a cell which encloses its contents. [e]
- Chemical thermodynamics [r]: The study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. [e]
- Chemistry [r]: The science of matter, or of the electrical or electrostatical interactions of matter. [e]
- Concentration [r]: In science, engineering and in general common usage: the measure of how much of a given substance there is in a given mixture of substances. [e]
- Condensate polishing [r]: An ion exchange process used to purify the steam condensate produced in high-pressure steam generation facilities such as those in large thermal power plants. [e]
- Density (chemistry) [r]: A measure of the mass per unit volume of a gas, liquid or solid. [e]
- Ester [r]: The molecule R1AOOR2 where A is an atom and R1 and R2 are molecular groups. [e]
- Exosphere [r]: The uppermost layer of an atmosphere. [e]
- Faraday constant [r]: The amount of electric charge (in absolute value) of one mole of electrons or of one mole of monovalent (singly charged) ions; symbol F. [e]
- Fluid catalytic cracking [r]: A petroleum refining process that cracks the large hydrocarbon molecules in the portion of the petroleum crude oil boiling above 340 °C into lower boiling, more valuable high octane gasoline and olefinic gases. [e]
- Galileo Probe [r]: An unmanned spacecraft sent by NASA to study the planet Jupiter and its moons. [e]
- Geomicrobiology [r]: Study of microbes within inorganic environments, such as sedimentary rocks and aquifers. [e]
- Glucosamine [r]: Amino sugar component of chitin, heparan sulphate, chondroitin sulphate and many complex polysaccharides, used in treatment of osteoarthritis. [e]
- IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry [r]: A systematic way of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). [e]
- Intermolecular forces [r]: Non-covalent forces between atoms and molecules; often synonymous with Van der Waals forces. [e]
- Ion-selective electrodes [r]: A transducer (sensor) which converts the activity of a specific ion dissolved in a solution into an electrical potential which can be measured by a voltmeter or pH meter. [e]
- Ionic liquid [r]: Salts that form stable liquids, and possess low-saturated vapor pressures. [e]
- Life [r]: Living systems, of which biologists seek the commonalities distinguishing them from nonliving systems. [e]
- Matter [r]: Any substance which has mass and occupies space. [e]
- Michael Faraday [r]: (1791 – 1867) Was an English physicist and chemist whose best known work was on the closely connected phenomena of electricity and magnetism; his discoveries lead to the electrification of industrial societies. [e]
- Molecule [r]: An aggregate of two or more atoms in a definite arrangement held together by chemical bonds. [e]
- Neurotransmitter [r]: A class of chemicals which relay, amplify or modulate electrical signals between a neuron and other cells in the nervous system. [e]
- Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine [r]: Award conferred once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institute, for physiology or medicine, since 1901. [e]
- Oxidation state [r]: A measure of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a substance. [e]
- Patch clamp [r]: An electrophysiological recording technique that enables the investigation of single or multiple ion channel properties. [e]
- Phosphate [r]: An inorganic chemical derived from a salt of phosphoric acid, and used in agriculture and industry. [e]
- Polyatomic ion [r]: An ion consisting of a molecule with covalently bonded atoms or of a metal complex that can be considered to act as a single unit in the context of acid and base chemistry or in the formation of salts (i.e., a group of bonded atoms that act as if they were one). [e]
- Reduction potential [r]: The tendency of a chemical species to acquire electrons and thereby be reduced. [e]
- Resting potential [r]: Potential difference between the two sides of the membrane of a nerve cell when the cell is not conducting an impulse, the resting potential for a neuron being between 50 and 100 millivolts. [e]
- Saturn (planet) [r]: The sixth planet from the Sun in our solar system; named after the Roman god of agriculture and harvest. [e]
- Sulfur dioxide [r]: A colorless gas (SO2) consisting of one atom of sulfur and two atoms of oxygen. [e]
