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=== Article of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:Article of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
=== Article of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:Article of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
[[Image:Tosco Refinery.jpg|thumb|right|300px||{{#ifexist:Template:Pascagoula Refinery.jpg/credit|{{Tosco Refinery.jpg/credit}}<br/>|}}Tosco refinery in Northern California.]]'''[[Petroleum refining processes]]''' are those [[Chemical engineering|chemical engineering]] processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries (also referred to as oil refineries) to transform [[crude oil]] into useful products such as [[liquefied petroleum gas]] (LPG), [[gasoline|gasoline or petrol]], [[kerosene]], [[jet fuel]], [[diesel oil]] and [[fuel oil]]s. Petroleum refineries are very large industrial complexes that involve a great many different processing units and auxiliary facilities such as utility units and storage tanks. Each refinery has its own unique arrangement and combination of refining processes largely determined by the refinery location, desired products and economic considerations. There are most probably no two refineries that are identical in every respect.
[[Image:Plants and pollinators.jpg|right|thumb|150px|{{#ifexist:Template:Plants and pollinators.jpg/credit|{{Plants and pollinators.jpg/credit}}<br/>|}}Buzz of Life: One aspect of the interrelations among living entities. Researchers begin to understand the mechanisms governing the complex network interactions between plants and pollinators, such as hummingbirds, shown in this illustration from Ernst Haeckel's ''Kunstformen der Natur'' (1904).]]
<font size=1>[[Petroleum refining processes|['''more...''']]]</font>
The definition of '''life''', the determination of the fundamental nature of living things, and the explanation of life's [[Origin of life|origin]] and [[Evolution|evolution]], have engendered much thought, debate and research throughout history. The perspective on life at any given moment in history, even today, qualifies as realistic and fruitful only to the extent of human knowledge at the time. In this article we focus defining the activity of ''living''.  We focus on what essential activities living entities perform that enable their living &mdash; specifically, we focus on the fundamental processes of living, those that constitute the [[Systems biology|system]] that counts as a living thing, the "common denominator that allows for the discrimination of the living from the non-living".
<font size=1>[[Life|['''more...''']]]</font>


=== New Draft of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:New Draft of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===
=== New Draft of the Week <font size=1>[ [[CZ:New Draft of the Week|about]] ]</font> ===

Revision as of 13:26, 11 March 2008

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(PD) Image: Ernst Haeckel
Buzz of Life: One aspect of the interrelations among living entities. Researchers begin to understand the mechanisms governing the complex network interactions between plants and pollinators, such as hummingbirds, shown in this illustration from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur (1904).

The definition of life, the determination of the fundamental nature of living things, and the explanation of life's origin and evolution, have engendered much thought, debate and research throughout history. The perspective on life at any given moment in history, even today, qualifies as realistic and fruitful only to the extent of human knowledge at the time. In this article we focus defining the activity of living. We focus on what essential activities living entities perform that enable their living — specifically, we focus on the fundamental processes of living, those that constitute the system that counts as a living thing, the "common denominator that allows for the discrimination of the living from the non-living". [more...]

New Draft of the Week [ about ]

© Photo: ledzeppelin.com
(l. to r.) Jimmy Page, John Bonham, Robert Plant, and John Paul Jones, c 1975.
Led Zeppelin were a highly rated British blues-rock outfit and statistically regarded as one of the most successful rock bands of the seventies. They first formed in 1968 from the remaining members of The Yardbirds, and consisted of Jimmy Page (b. 1946, guitar), Robert Plant (b. 1948, vocals), John Paul Jones (b. 1946, bass guitar / keyboards), and John Bonham (1948-1980, drums). They are considered one of the most influential bands in the world, becoming closely associated with the "album-oriented rock" (AOR) format and progenitors of a style of rock music called "heavy metal", although the band's musical output transcended heaviness with a strong blues, folk, psychedelia, classical, Celtic, and world music flavour in their recordings, and acoustic live performances. The band also eschewed traditional promotional avenues in the industry, focussing on albums and concerts, without reliance on singles or television performances. The interaction of all four musicians on stage gave their live performances a visual counterpoint to voluminous intertwined harmonic and rhythmic structures of their compositions.

[more...]