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*''Key [[Continuous distillation|fractional distillation]] concepts'': [[Theoretical plate|theoretical stage]]s, x-y diagrams, multicomponent distillation, column com

The '''Fenske equation''' is used for calculating the minimum number of [[theoretical plate]]s required for the separation of a binary feed stream by a [[Continuous di

{{see also|Continuous distillation|Theoretical plate}} ...e distillation column. The more reflux is provided for a given number of [[Theoretical plate|distillation plates]], the better is the column's separation of lower boili

...May 1951}}</ref> This method uses the fact that the composition at each [[theoretical plate]] (or [[equilibrium stage]]) is completely determined by the [[mole fractio

...n separation would equal the number of theoretical equilibrium stages or [[theoretical plate]]s. However, that is very rarely the case. Hence, a distillation column n ...to a theoretical equilibrium stage, known as the ''height equivalent to a theoretical plate'' (HETP), is also determined. The total packing height required is the num

...perforations are covered with caps that are free to move upward. See the [[Theoretical plate]] article for a drawing and explanation of bubble-cap trays.</ref> Sieve tr

*{{pl|Theoretical plate}}

...e top of the column top to the bottom. Therefore, the vacuum column uses [[Theoretical plate|distillation tray]]s only where withdrawing products from the side of the c

...m the column top to the column bottom. Therefore, the vacuum column uses [[Theoretical plate|distillation tray]]s only where withdrawing products from the side of the c