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...op Removal Mining.jpg|right|350px|Mountaintop removal and strip mining for coal in the Appalachian mountains of Kentucky.}} ...d unless forced to by the government. This surface mining and mountaintop coal removal has been done because it's cheap and easy, and the quick profits fr

...ellyn Lewis''' (1880-1969), was an American labor leader who dominated the coal miners union (the [[United Mine Workers]], UMW), 1920-1960, and created the ...l thrilled his supporters, angered his enemies, and delighted cartoonists. Coal miners for 40 years hailed him as the benevolent dictator who brought high

{{Image|Anthracite coal.jpg|right|275px|Anthracite coal (American 25 cent coin shown for scale).}} ...rst into [[peat]] (a precursor of coal) and then into the various types of coal as we know them today.<ref name=Perry>{{cite book|author=Green, Don W. and

...in buildings, where it was safe to burn fuel, like [[wood]], [[peat]] or [[coal]]. Stone or brick were used for the fireplaces' walls, and floor, or [[hea

...rictions on previously unregulated emissions from industry, railroads, and coal furnaces that caused high concentrations of particulate matter. These new l

...ntally than traditional mineral extraction methods such as those used in [[coal mining]]

...heir [[Lehigh Canal]]. After its construction, it was mainly used to haul coal southward down into Philadelphia. When the state divested itself of its ca ...of Euphoria and Frustration'' ISBN 0930973267</ref> It was formed to move coal out of the mines in the northeast, down to the Delaware River. However, th

{{r|Coal mining}}

{{r|Coal}}

{{r|Conventional coal-fired power plant}}

[[Image:1900a.jpg|thumb|350px|coal miners in Hazleton PA 1900]] ...iners received more pay for fewer hours; the owners got a higher price for coal, and did not recognize the union as a bargaining agent. It was the first la

...e lower part of the catchment area. The river basin has a large number of coal deposits and mines, largely in the central part of the catchment.

A number of forms of the disease come from industrial exposure to coal dust or sand blasting; other cases are due to drug reactions, and sometimes

...d its second fireboat, the [[Duwamish]], in 1909.<ref name=Cowwoman/> Her coal-fueled boilers were replaced with oil-fueled ones. The retrofit included a .... But in 1910, the ''Snoqualmie'' got an overhaul, and was converted from coal-fired to oil-fired power.

{{r|Coal}}

...g and expertise, he managed to get a railway line built to Belleek so that coal could be delivered with which to fire [[kiln]]s (and the finished product e ...pped production of earthenware entirely. The Pottery began the change from coal fired kilns to electric powered kilns from 1952. In 1983 the [[Industrial D

...mounts of non-combustible [[mineral]]s that form [[Coal ash|ash]] when the coal is combusted. Both the HHV's and LHV's of fuels (especially coal and other solid fuels) can be further sub-categorized and expressed as:<ref

...350px|Oswald Mosley and his first wife Lady Cynthia photographed outside a coal mine in LaSalle, Illinois, wearing mining hats and clothes. DN-0080248, Chi

...rying from being a seaman to working in a cannery and mill and shoveling [[coal]]. Following the financial [[Panic of 1893]], he crosssed the continent wit

...50 in [[Chicopee, Massachusetts]] and arrived in Hawaii in 1892 to build a coal handling plant for Oahu Railway & Land. He also oversaw well projects for

...St. Pierre and Miquelon. When released the vessel then spent time carrying coal from Hampton Roads to Boston for the U.S. Maritime Commission and had a 12 ...ovember 1945 the a storm smashed the ''Outarde'' against the [[Consul-Hall Coal Dock]] at [[Clayton, New York]].<ref name=MarinersLog2004-04/>

...s the first company town located in the Anthracite coal region. The Lehigh Coal Mining Company began mining operations there in 1792, shortly thereafter es ...drastically changed in the early years of the 20th century when the large coal companies moved in to exploit the rich mineral deposits found beneath the m

{{r|Coal}}

...of oil equivalent|ton of oil equivalent]]; [[Ton of coal equivalent|ton of coal equivalent]]; [[Ton of TNT|ton of TNT]]; [[Electron volt|electron volt]]; [

Her boilers were converted to oil, from coal, in 1950.<ref name=greatlakesvesselhistoryWilliamHWarner/>

...and fused-ring aromatics (such as [[anthracene]]) can all be isolated from coal tar. There are also [[aromatic compound]]s with [[chemical element]]s othe ...from [[petroleum]] i.e. crude oil from the ground. Other sources include coal tar. Such petrochemical aromatic hydrocarbons or mixtures of them are used

...uclear power plant producing the same amount of energy." "ounce for ounce, coal ash released from a power plant delivers more radiation than nuclear waste

...who wanted municipal ownership), the ethnic Germans and Jews, the militant coal miners, the ex-Populists from Kansas and Oklahoma, and the IWW-like radical ...s, Debs did considerable damage to Socialist solidarity in West Virginia's coal fields, according to Corbin.

{{r|Conventional coal-fired power plant}}

...esident in charge of the production and distribution of ore, limestone and coal, in 1909.<ref name=LehighDGKerr/> He retained that position until 1932, whe

...and retired in 1951. She was built as a steam-engine powered vessel with coal-fired boilers. She was converted to oil-fired boilers in 1926.

...urnace]]s. In a blast furnace, iron ore and [[coke (fuel)|coke]] (degassed coal, which is pure carbon) are fed into the top of the furnace, while air, cont

The '''''Abram S. Hewitt''''' was a coal-powered [[fireboat]] operated by the Fire Department of [[New York, New Yor She was the department's last coal-powered vessel.

| title = Canadian Coal Ship Funs Aground in Lake Huron

...th of that of Brazil but much less domestic sources. It imports almost all coal and has limited petroleum. A drought in 2007 limited production of hydroele

{{r|Coal mining}}

...ng|right|284px|Schematic diagram of a steam generator in a [[conventional coal-fired power plant]].}} ...lverized coal and carrier air for transporting the pulverized coal to the coal burners. Since the flue gas [[pressure]] is lower than the pressure of the

...gas]]es of [[Conventional coal-fired power plant|power plants]] that burn coal or oil to produce steam for the [[Turbine|turbines]] that drive their elect For a typical [[conventional coal-fired power plant]], FGD technology will remove up to 99 percent of the SO<

...iciency and renewables: in 2010–20, generation from lignite fell 37%, hard coal 64%, oil 52%, and nuclear 54%; gas power rose 3%; GDP rose 11% (17% pre-pan ...iciency and renewables: in 2010–20, generation from lignite fell 37%, hard coal 64%, oil 52%, and nuclear 54%; gas power rose 3%; GDP rose 11% (17% pre-pan

...ber of quarries that produce different kinds of building stone, as well as coal reserves as a power source.<ref name=VBF>{{citation

...: ''mei-tan'' 'coal-charcoal' does not mean 'coal and charcoal', but just 'coal'. Furthermore, homophones can be disambiguated by context, and many disylla

...yor died; she served in the NYC fireboat fleet until 1958. It was the last coal-burning fireboat in operation.

title="Pennsylvania Coal Mine History"|

*Blue No. 1: A major component of Blue No. 1, ("Brilliant Blue FCF") is coal toar. *Red No. 3: "Erythrosine", a cherry-pink dye derived from coal tar.

...in 1893 and ended in 1897. Unemployment soared in all industrial centers; coal mining and lumbering were hard hit; farmers faced very low prices. The Pani ...of [[strike]]s took place in 1894, most notably the Midwestern bituminous coal strike of the spring, which led to violence in Ohio. Even more serious was

...Romania, and on synthetic oil plants that used chemical processes to turn coal into oil. Heedless of the risk of Allied bombing, the Germans had carelessl ...ks, fuel, howitzers, flak shells and machine guns for the front lines, and coal, steel, spare parts, subassemblies, and critical components for munitions f

* ''[[A Coal Miner's Evidence]]''

'''1951 - ECSC Treaty - Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (Treaty of Rome)''' ...SC Treaty created a common market for the sourcing, supply and movement of coal and steel for these six founding states. A common authority supervised the

The [[fossil fuels]] ([[coal]], [[Petroleum crude oil|petroleum]] and [[natural gas]]) are currently tho ...ction of ''synthesis gas''). It has been in use since the early 1800s when coal and [[peat]] were gasified to produce what was then called ''town gas'' for

...cture of the economy changed because markets for some commodities, such as coal, were strongly affected though markets for other goods were untouched. The

In both years approximately one million metric tons of cargo was either [[coal]] or [[potash]], with almost all the remainder being grain.

...atest drilling and fracking technology. Can it provide energy cheaper than coal? That is the question they must answer.<br>

...– 1880, to reduce road dust and road maintenance, builders began using hot coal tar to bond the stones together. Such roads became named after McAdam and k ...widely used to produce ''town gas'' and the by-product tar produced during coal gasification was a readily available product.<ref name=Lay/> That tar was e

Yorkshire is home to several large [[city|cities]] which developed through [[coal mining]] and heavy [[industry]]. While the landlocked western and southern

...centred on primary production (a booming mining industry notably including coal in the [[Bowen Basin]], iron at [[Mount Isa]] and bauxite at [[Weipa]], cro

...enefit from the canal passing through their lands and connecting their own coal and iron mines to nearby industrial consumers. In this pre [[John Loudon Mc ...liam Houston, were reluctant to invest as the canal already linked his own coal and iron mines, around Johnstone, to Glasgow and Paisley.

...society uses&mdash;[[Natural gas|gas]], [[Petroleum crude oil|oil]], and [[coal]]&mdash;are stored sources of energy received in the past millions of year

...nzi is working with other western senators to increase federal support for coal-to-liquid technology. ...9), traveling to Washington, D.C. to give advice on coal leasing and other coal issues. He has served his county and state as a State Representative, elect

....sasol.com/sasol_internet/downloads/CTL_Brochure_1125921891488.pdf SASOL's Coal-to-Liquid technology], From the SASOL website.</ref><ref>M. R. Beychok, ''P

Next in its development is minerals. It has the key combination of coal and iron ore deposits in the same general area; other metal exports include

...coal mines during the 1960s and 1970s. Between 1963 and 1971, the Belgian coal industry recruited more than 14,000 Turkish workers, not counting those who

On the northeast, there are significant [[coal]] deposits.

* Corbin, David A. "Betrayal in the West Virginia Coal Fields: Eugene V. Debs and the Socialist Party of America, 1912-1914." ''Jo

* Reduce dependence on coal burning power through the development and use of wind and solar power solut

...orations; Front Groups; Climate Change and COP15 and interlocked issues of Coal and Nuclear power; Election Protection in the U.S.; and, the Tobacco Indust

...id wood is not only renewable, but leaves behind far less toxic waste than coal, which not only lowers the environmental impact, but makes it less costly o

Like other bulk carriers her potential cargos include: [[coal]]/[[coke (fuel)|coke]], [[construction aggregate|aggregates]], [[slag]], [[

=== Coal === ...a certain amount of '''''volatile matter''''', defined as the portion of a coal sample which, when heated in the absence of air, is released as [[Inorganic

...aracterized by the growth of a new system comprising factories, railroads, coal mining and business enterprises using new technologies that it sponsored. ...d entrepreneurs brought in new workers to harness the natural resources of coal, iron and water power, thereby creating a manufacturing industry that was d

...inment (engineering)|entrained]] in the [[flue gas]] emitted from a [[coal|coal-fired]] furnace. Secondary PM is produced in the atmosphere in the form of

...vigable watercourses. However, it was a major source of [[iron ore]] and [[coal]], so the development of efficient methods of transport was an important pr

...ing the [[Carbon|carbon-containing]] rock called [[coal]] from the ground. Coal tends to exist in ''seams'', which are lateral layers under the earth that ...mining.png|left|400px|Various methods of surface and underground mining of coal.}}

...ial [[furnace]] or [[boiler]], a [[steam-generator]] in a [[Conventional coal-fired power plant|fossil fuel power plant]] or other large combustion devic ...d an important part in the development of [[reverberatory furnace]]s and a coal-based metallurgical industry, one of the key sectors of the early [[Industr

''appear'' '''sêem''' = ''thread, coal'' '''sêam

{{dambigbox|Coal-fired power plants|Power}} {{Image|Voerde Coal-fired Power Plant.jpg|right|300px|Coal-fired power plant in Voerde, Germany}}

{{main|Conventional coal-fired power plant|Nuclear power plant|Steam generator}} The worldwide capacity of electrical power generation by [[conventional coal-fired power plant]]s currently amounts to about 800,000 M[[Watt (unit)|W]]<

...hn Purroy Mitchel'' was the city's first fireboat powered by fuel-oil, not coal.<ref name=NYTimes1921-07-24/> She was {{convert|132|ft|m}} long, and her pu

...entered into business. He made his fortune as a merchant and manager of a coal mine, and bought the property of Eldin near Edinburgh. There, he devoted hi

{{r|Coal}}

...ds]] such as in [[Canada]], the [[destructive distillation]] of wood and [[coal gasification]] or [[biomass gasification]] to produce a [[syngas]]<ref>[htt

...of economic growth in the 1840s and into the 1850s, stimulating growth in coal mining, iron mongering, machinery making and civil engineering. By speeding ...ndustry, as a major new industrial area grew up in the south, based on the coal mines of the Donetz basin and the iron ore of Krivoi Rog, linked by rail li

...ng [[Factory|factories]], [[Railroad|railroads]], [[History of Coal Mining|coal mining]] and business enterprises using new technologies that it sponsored. ...entrepreneurs brought in new workers to harness the natural resources of [[coal]], [[iron]], and [[hydropower|water power]], thereby creating a manufacturi

...s used in [[ammonia production]] or the [[flue gas]]es from [[Conventional coal-fired power plant|power plants]]. Both H₂S and CO₂ ar ...and the section on reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the [[Conventional coal-fired power plant]] article.]''

...s used in [[ammonia production]] or the [[flue gas]]es from [[Conventional coal-fired power plant|power plants]]. Both H₂S and CO₂ ar ...and the section on reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the [[Conventional coal-fired power plant]] article.]''

...ast and then offensive operations in Philippine Islands." Dewey bought the coal, drilled his crews, refited his fleet, and keep in close touch with the Ame

[[National Highway 10 (Vietnam)|National Highway 10]] links to the coal mines in [[Quang Ninh]] and to the coastal provinces from [[Thai Binh]] to

...other, unpowered cars of a train. The first were steam-propelled, and a [[coal tender]] to carry the fuel that fired their engines, as well as water suppl ...led godolas, are open-topped vehicles used to transport bulk material like coal or ore. They are loaded from the top and usually unloaded through trapdoor

...Council; he had a successful law practice as well as operating a wood and coal yard. Annie attended "Dr. Stockbridge's School for Young Ladies" in Provide

...ly produced as a byproduct from chemical scrubbers in the smokestacks of [[coal]] burning plants. [[Sulfuric acid]] and other [[sulphur]] compounds that co

<tr><td>[[Coal geology]]</td><td>The geology of [[coal]]</td><td>[[Economic geology]], [[Petroleum geology]]</td> ...<td>The geology of [[petroleum crude oil]]</td><td>[[Economic geology]], [[Coal geology]]</td>

...d lands from the ill effects that are a direct result of the extraction of coal reserves. The Sierra Club members are working to help usher in a new era of

...decades of failure to slow the rising global consumption of [[Fossil_fuel|coal, oil and gas]],<ref name=GlobalEnergyGrowth>[https://ourworldindata.org/gra ...png|right|300px|Fig.1 Electricity consumption may soon double, mostly from coal-fired power plants in the developing world.<ref name=GordianKnotFig1.3>[htt

...CO₂ requires much energy and would increase the fuel needs of a coal-fired plant with CCS by about 25%.<ref name=IPCC-1/> These and other system ...mbustion]]'''<ref>[http://spectrum.ieee.org/jan08/5819 ''Winner: Restoring Coal's Sheen''] William Sweet, IEEE Spectrum, January 2008.</ref> the fuel is b

...rly defined....Nonetheless Prussia's attempt to nationalize the [[Hibernia Coal Company]] revived fundamental issues which had once divided the bourgeoisie

...'[[HMS Dreadnought (1905)]]'', one of its innovation was the movement from coal to oil fuel.

...ower consumption in 2021 was 3030 GW. This may soon double, including many coal plants in the developing world.}} ...nuclear plants left them dependent on Russian oil and gas and on their own coal resources.<ref>https://lowcarbonpower.org/region/Germany</ref> Whatever red

...commercial freighter, because every available space had to be loaded with coal for her long and difficult voyage from Norway, around [[Cape Horn]], to [[B

...rgy]] available to mankind derives from the burning of [[fossil fuel]]s: [[coal]], [[oil (geology)|oil]] and [[natural gas]].

...products to make items such as [[candle]]s. Scarborough's proximity to the coal-trading routes would be one of the main reasons why forces in the later Civ ...ips, and it was also a place where arms were brought ashore: the supply of coal to London was being seriously impeded by the forces based at Scarborough Ca

...n of low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous [[coal]]. Volatile constituents of the coal are driven off by baking in an airless oven at temperatures as high as abou ...er [[kerosene]], a much needed lamp oil. The stills were heated by wood or coal fires built underneath them, which over-heated and coked the oil near the b