Romance languages/Catalogs/List of Romance languages: Difference between revisions

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The following list comprises 47 Romance varieties which are generally considered to form separate languages, though scholars may disagree in some cases. The list is based on the one available at the [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=90058 Ethnologue], though some have been changed to reflect more common names. Some varieties which might constitute separate languages on linguistic grounds (such as Sassarese Sardinian), or which might be politically regarded as highly distinct (e.g. Québécois), are subsumed under the main language name where their status is unclear.
==List and classification==
The following list of Romance languages is based on books written by recognized scholars, especially Pierre Bec<ref>BEC Pierre (1970-71) (collab. Octave NANDRIS, Žarko MULJAČIĆ), ''Manuel pratique de philologie romane'', Paris: Picard, 2 vol.</ref>, Jacques Allières<ref>ALLIÈRES Jacques (2001) ''Manuel de linguistique romane'', coll. Bibliothèque de grammaire et de linguistique, Paris: Honoré Champion</ref>, Rebecca Posner<ref>POSNER Rebecca (1996) ''The Romance languages'', coll. Cambridge language surveys, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press</ref>, Holtus & Meteltin & Schmitt <ref>HOLTUS Günter, & METZELTIN Michael, & SCHMITT Christian (1991) (dir.) ''Lexikon der Romanistischen Linguistik [LRL]'', Tübingen: Niemeyer, 8 vol.</ref> and M. Metzeltin<ref>METZELTIN  Miguel (2004) ''Las lenguas románicas estándar: historia de su formación y de su uso'', Oviedo/Uviéu: Academia de la Llingua Asturiana</ref>.  
* ''Balkano-Romance group''
** [[Romanian language]]
** [[Dalmatian language]] (extinct)
* ''Italo-Romance group''
** [[Sardinian language]] (its classification in the Italo-Romance group is debated)
** [[Italian language]]
** [[Corsican language]] (its inclusion in Italian is debated)
** [[Northern Italian language]] (its inclusion in Italian is debated, some scholars think that it is more related to the Rhaeto-Romance and Gallo-Romance groups)<ref>HULL Geoffrey (1982) ''The linguistic unity of Northern Italy and Rhaetia'' [PhD thesis], Sydney: University of Sydney, 2 vol.</ref>
* ''[[Rhaeto-Romance]] group'' (an overlap of Gallo-Romance and Italo-Romance)
** [[Friulian language]]
** [[Ladin language]]
** [[Romansh language]]
* ''Gallo-Romance group''
** [[French language]]
** [[Francoprovençal language]]
* ''Occitano-Romance group'' (an overlap of Gallo-Romance and Ibero-Romance)
** [[Occitan language]]
** [[Catalan language]]
* ''Ibero-Romance group''
** [[Spanish language]]
** [[Aragonese language]] (its inclusion in Spanish is debated)
** [[Asturian-Leonese language]] (its inclusion in Spanish is debated)
** [[Galician-Portuguese language]] (the split between [[Galician language]] and [[Portuguese language]] is debated)
** [[Mozarabic language]] (extinct)


This list arranges languages purely through their 'genetic' (i.e. historical) relatedness, not their political importance, number of speakers or grammatical similarities (though languages that are close together in this list this will typically also be structurally similar). French, for instance, is buried deeply within the Italo-Western group, and is just one of no less than six varieties in the 'Oïl' group. For a list of the better-known Romance languages, see [[Romance language/Related Articles|Related Articles]].
Another classification, especially supported by Gerhard Rohlfs<ref>ROHLFS Gerhard (1937) ''La struttura linguistica dell’Italia'', Leipzig</ref>, divides the Romance languages between ''Eastern Romania'' and ''Western Romania'' (''Romania'' being a Latin name for the Romance-speaking world). The dividing line between the two groups splits Italy from La Spezia to Rimini (or more exactly from Carrara to Senigallia), setting Northern Italian in Western Romania and Italian proper in Eastern Romania.
 
* ''Eastern Romania'' comprises Romanian, Dalmatian, Italian proper and Corsican.
==Eastern==
* ''Western Romania'' comprises Northern Italian, Friulian, Ladin, Romansh, French, Francoprovençal, Occitan, Catalan, Aragonese, Spanish, Asturian-Leonese, Galician-Portuguese and Mozarabic.
{{r|Romanian language}}
* The very conservative Sardinian language remains intermediary between the two groups.
{{r|Istro-Romanian language}}
{{r|Macedo-Romanian language}}
{{r|Megleno-Romanian language}}
==Italo-Western==
===Italo-Dalmatian===
{{r|Dalmatian language}}
{{r|Istriot language}}
{{r|Italian language}}
{{r|Judeo-Italian language}}
{{r|Neapolitan language}}
**Calabrese<ref>Forms part of the Napoletano-Calabrese variety, but is reportedly different from Neapolitan. See the ''Ethnologue'': '[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=nap Napoletano-Calabrese]'.</ref>
{{r|Sicilian language}}
===Western===
====Gallo-Iberian====
=====Gallo-Romance=====
======Gallo-Italian======
{{r|Emiliano-Romagnolo language}}
{{r|Ligurian language}}
{{r|Lombard language}}
{{r|Piemontese language}}
{{r|Venetian language}}
======Gallo-Rhaetian======
'''Oïl'''
 
''French''
{{r|French language}}
**''[[French in Canada|Canadian French]] varieties include Acadian and Québécois''
{{r|Cajun French}}
{{r|Picard language}}
{{r|Walloon language}}
{{r|Zarphatic language}}
''Southeastern''
{{r|Franco-Provençal language}}
'''Rhaetian'''
{{r|Friulian language}}
{{r|Ladin language}}
{{r|Romansh language}}
=====Ibero-Romance=====
======East Iberian======
{{r|Catalan language}}
======Oc======
{{r|Auvergnat language}}
{{r|Gascon language}}
{{r|Limousin language}}
{{r|Occitan language}}
{{r|Provençal language}}
{{r|Shuadit language}}
======West Iberian======
'''Asturo-Leonese'''
 
{{r|Asturian language}}
{{r|Miranda do Douro language}}
 
'''Castilian'''
 
{{r|Extremaduran language}}
{{r|Ladino language}}
{{r|Spanish language}}
{{r|Loreto-Ucayali Spanish}}
 
'''Portuguese-Galician'''
 
{{r|Fala language}}
{{r|Galician language}}
{{r|Portuguese language}}
====Pyrenean-Mozarabic====
=====Mozarabic=====
{{r|Mozarabic language}}
=====Pyrenean=====
{{r|Aragonese language}}
==Southern==
===Corsican===
{{r|Corsican language}}
===Sardinian===
{{r|Sardinian language}}
**Sassarese Sardinian
**Gallurese Sardinian
**Logudorese Sardinian
**Campidanese Sardinian


==Footnotes==
==Footnotes==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 05:28, 31 May 2009

List and classification

The following list of Romance languages is based on books written by recognized scholars, especially Pierre Bec[1], Jacques Allières[2], Rebecca Posner[3], Holtus & Meteltin & Schmitt [4] and M. Metzeltin[5].

Another classification, especially supported by Gerhard Rohlfs[7], divides the Romance languages between Eastern Romania and Western Romania (Romania being a Latin name for the Romance-speaking world). The dividing line between the two groups splits Italy from La Spezia to Rimini (or more exactly from Carrara to Senigallia), setting Northern Italian in Western Romania and Italian proper in Eastern Romania.

  • Eastern Romania comprises Romanian, Dalmatian, Italian proper and Corsican.
  • Western Romania comprises Northern Italian, Friulian, Ladin, Romansh, French, Francoprovençal, Occitan, Catalan, Aragonese, Spanish, Asturian-Leonese, Galician-Portuguese and Mozarabic.
  • The very conservative Sardinian language remains intermediary between the two groups.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ BEC Pierre (1970-71) (collab. Octave NANDRIS, Žarko MULJAČIĆ), Manuel pratique de philologie romane, Paris: Picard, 2 vol.
  2. ↑ ALLIÈRES Jacques (2001) Manuel de linguistique romane, coll. Bibliothèque de grammaire et de linguistique, Paris: Honoré Champion
  3. ↑ POSNER Rebecca (1996) The Romance languages, coll. Cambridge language surveys, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  4. ↑ HOLTUS Günter, & METZELTIN Michael, & SCHMITT Christian (1991) (dir.) Lexikon der Romanistischen Linguistik [LRL], Tübingen: Niemeyer, 8 vol.
  5. ↑ METZELTIN Miguel (2004) Las lenguas románicas estándar: historia de su formación y de su uso, Oviedo/Uviéu: Academia de la Llingua Asturiana
  6. ↑ HULL Geoffrey (1982) The linguistic unity of Northern Italy and Rhaetia [PhD thesis], Sydney: University of Sydney, 2 vol.
  7. ↑ ROHLFS Gerhard (1937) La struttura linguistica dell’Italia, Leipzig
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