Led Zeppelin

Led Zeppelin
Years active	1968–1980
Status	Inactive
Origin	London
Music genre	Hard rock, Blues rock, Heavy Metal
Members	Jimmy Page Robert Plant John Paul Jones John Bonham (1968-1980) Jason Bonham (post-1980 reunions)

Led Zeppelin were a highly rated British blues-rock outfit and statistically regarded as one of the most successful rock bands of the seventies. They first formed in 1968 from the remaining members of The Yardbirds, and consisted of Jimmy Page (guitar), Robert Plant (vocals), John Paul Jones (bass guitar / keyboards), and John Bonham (drums). They are considered one of the most influential bands in the world, becoming closely associated with the "album-oriented rock" (AOR) format and progenitors of a style of rock music called "heavy metal", although the band's musical output transcended heaviness, with a strong blues, folk, psychedelia, classical, celtic, and world music flavour in their recordings, and acoustic live performances. The band also eschewed traditional promotional avenues in the industry, focussing on albums and concerts, without reliance on singles or television performances. The interaction of all four musicians on stage gave their live performances a visual counterpoint to voluminous intertwined harmonic and rhythmic structures of their compositions. Led Zeppelin arguably remains one of the most popular bands of all time, having sold close to 300 million records. and millions of concert tickets worldwide. In the United States, Led Zeppelin have 109.5 million certified unit sales. Since 1985, the band has had several reunions with different drummers, most notably Jason Bonham, son of John Bonham.

Band history

Origins

Their seeds lay in the legendary R&B outfit The Yardbirds, which guitarist Jimmy Page had joined in June 1966 and whose line-up drifted apart by July 1968 over musical direction. After a tour of the United States and a final gig with members Keith Relf and Jim McCarty at the Luton College of Technology, on July 7, 1968, members Page, bass player Chris Dreja, and manager Peter Grant, resolved to continue as a blues-rock combo, initially to play out a previously booked 10-day tour of Scandinavia, dubbed by the media as The New Yardbirds. With the line-up unsettled, Page also briefly toyed with the idea of inviting back original Yardbird Anthony "Top" Topham on rhythm guitar. Session man, arranger, bassist and keyboardist John Paul Jones offered his services to the new group which Page kept in mind after a phone call on July 19, 1968. Filling the vocal and drummer spots were more of a dilemma. Due to contractual impasse Terry Reid (previously managed by Grant) and B.J. Wilson (of Procol Harum) declined the respective positions, but Reid recommended an acquaintance of his, 19 year old Midlands-born ex-Band of Joy vocalist Robert Plant. Page, Dreja and Grant went to see him perform live with a band called Hobbstweedle at the Birmingham Teacher Training College on July 20, 1968 and were duly impressed. He was invited back to Page's Pangbourne boathouse to discuss the new group and discovered he shared similar musical tastes with Page. Plant signed up and in turn recommended his former Band of Joy colleague John Bonham, who was drumming for both Chris Farlowe and Tim Rose. Page and Grant travelled to the Country Club at Hampstead, North London, on July 31, to watch Bonham perform and both agreed he was ideal for the band, and following over 30 invitational telegrams sent by Grant to persuade him, Bonham joined. Bonham joined. In the event Dreja decided to pursue a career in photography in New York, leaving Page to find a new bass player by August 5. He promptly recruited John Paul Jones, whom he'd known for years in session work, having last worked together on The Yardbird's Little Games album. What was also in Jones' favour was his additional keyboard and arranging abilities, and studio experience. All four musicians then met for a first rehearsal at a basement studio, below a record store in Gerrard Street, London on August 12, 1968 and musically gelled together as a unit immediately. Their first song attempted was The Yardbirds standard "Train Kept a Rollin'" followed by a run through a Band of Joy favourite, Garnet Mimms' "As Long as I Have You", "I Can't Quit You Baby", and a version of Howlin' Wolf's "Smokestack Lightnin'". Jones later said "As soon as I heard John Bonham play, I knew this was going to be great ... We locked together as a team immediately." Within days the group entered Olympic Studios in Barnes, West London to record "Jim's Blues" and "Merry Hopkins Never Had Days Like These" with Texan-born singer P.J. Proby.

Early years

This new outfit completed The Yardbirds' final contractual obligations in Scandinavia, with their first gig at the Teen Clubs Box 45, Gladsaxe in Denmark on September 7, 1968, at 7.30 pm, followed by a second show at Brondby Pop Club in the same city. With the tour concluded on September 15, the band then entered Olympic Studios once again recording their own eponymous début album within 30 hours on a budget of only £1750 (including artwork), with sessions starting on September 27, with engineer Glyn Johns. Although originally booked in the studio as The Yardbirds, the album eventually released as Led Zeppelin, produced by Page, showcased their brand of folk, eastern and blues-rock fusion with Plant's powerful vocal style and Page's accomplished guitar work being tight and urgent. Page wanted the sound as close as possible to those early live shows; he didn't want anything that couldn't be reproduced live effectively with just the four of them. Part of the astonishing presence and depth of those recordings came from the way he placed microphones in the room, to get varying sounds of vibrancy and decay. "Distance is depth," was Page’s maxim. The tracks recorded also displayed Page's musical credence in "light and shade" – music punctuated with both quieter and heavier dynamics, and two in particular – "Communication Breakdown" and "Dazed and Confused" – have served as templates for much subsequent rock music. With the recordings concluded they then performed a series of gigs in the United Kingdom, beginning with the Mayfair Ballroom in Newcastle on October 4, also at The Marquee on October 18, 1968 and Liverpool University on October 19, before changing their name permanently to Led Zeppelin, based on a humorous phrase of Keith Moon as far back as May 1966. Moon had often used the phrase "go over like a lead zeppelin", which Page liked and Grant promoted with a dropped "a" to preclude any mispronunciation. On October 22, Grant and Page then registered the band’s own publishing company under the tongue-in-cheek name of Superhype Music, Inc. to ensure all songwriting royalties would accrue independently. Their first public appearance under the new moniker was at Surrey University on October 25, 1968. By November 1, Led Zeppelin had been signed to label Atlantic Records by Jerry Wexler in New York, at the recommendation of Dusty Springfield and producer Bert Burns for a then record negotiated advance of US$200,000 - an unprecedented amount for a new group whose first album nobody had yet heard. Wexler's decision was also assisted by Page's and Jones' session reputations as well as the dissolution of label supergroup Cream, by November 1968. Page had particularly sought out Atlantic because of its strong historical background with blues, soul and jazz artists, as opposed to other rock acts that were usually being signed with Elektra and Atco.

Even more important, though, were the contract terms that Grant secured: Essentially, Led Zeppelin held all the control. They alone would decide when they would release albums and tour, and they had final say over the contents and design of each album. They also would decide how much they would do to promote each release (not that much beyond tours, though those would be extensive) and which tracks to select as singles (Grant and the band insisted none, despite the label's many unauthorised attempts). A major band would be working for itself, not for a company or for management (Led Zeppelin had no formal contract with Grant). With the album in the can, Grant resolved that they should focus on the US market (albums were usually released and promoted first in the US before the UK), and after a few appearances, Grant also concluded that formulaic television programmes were not the best medium to highlight the band’s musical dynamics. This inevitably led to a lack of airplay in their early days, but in the longer term created the sense of mystique that was to sustain them over the coming decade. Grant's philosophy was that if a person wanted to see or hear the band, they had to go to their concert and experience them. This had the effect of making fans feel like they were members of an exclusive club. The band’s skill at extending and improvising on their studio record repertoire elevated their live shows to something very different from playing their albums. Performances would also extend out to 4 hours whereas most concerts by other artists at the time would typically only average 45 minutes. The unwillingness by the band to play by standard industry rules also meant an uneasy relationship with the press, which later resulted in the eventual employment of a full-time press agent and only select interviews given by group members.

On December 26, 1968 they began their first US tour with a concert in Denver, Colorado, before launching into a cross-country tour of venues handpicked by Grant from his experiences road-managing the Jeff Beck Group - five nights at the Whiskey in Los Angeles, four at the Fillmore West in San Francisco, three at the Boston Tea Party, supporting the likes of Vanilla Fudge, Iron Butterfly, and Alice Cooper. They were an immediate sensation and midway through that first U.S. tour, on January 12, the group's début album, Led Zeppelin, was released in the U.S., and it climbed to Number 10 on the Billboard charts. British underground newspaper, OZ, enthused, "it was one of those rare LPs that so defy immediate classification or description, simply because [they are] so obviously a turning point in rock". They performed frequently, initially in clubs and ballrooms, then in larger auditoriums and eventually stadiums as their popularity stregthened. At the Fillmore East on January 31, Led Zeppelin's performance was so intense, and the audience reaction so fanatical, that the headlining Iron Butterfly delayed its own onstage arrival by 45 minutes in the hope that the crowd would calm down. Led Zeppelin never went out as a support group again. Midway through that first U.S. tour, on January 12, the group's début album, Led Zeppelin, was released in the U.S., and it climbed to Number 10 on the Billboard charts. On March 21, 1969 they made their only live UK TV appearance on a pilot BBC rock show, How Late It Is, followed by a performance of "Dazed and Confused" on Supershow, on March 25. As the group began its second US tour on April 18, this time at the New York University Jazz festival, "Good Times Bad Times" made the US Billboard charts at Number 80. On May 10, Led Zeppelin made its belated UK début and rose to a peak of Number 6 on the charts. Over the summer of 1969 they played a number of prestigious gigs – the London Playhouse Theatre for BBC Radio's In Concert show (June 27), the Bath Festival of Blues and Progressive Music (June 28), The Pop Proms (June 29) and the Newport Jazz and Blues Festival in the US during July. Throughout this time they also played many BBC sessions, later compiled and released as the BBC Sessions double CD set. These show them to have a repertoire not only rooted in the blues, but effortlessly able to incorporate influences from folk, jazz and world music. On October 12, the band appeared at a "Sunday Lyceum" concert promoted by entrepreneur Tony Stratton-Smith, and received the then highest fee ever paid to a UK band for a one-off concert.

Led Zeppelin II, recorded in various locations as they criss-crossed the US during 1969, was the album which firmly established them as one of the world's biggest rock bands. Advance orders for the album alone topped 400,000 units. Symbolically dislodging The Beatles' Abbey Road from the top of the charts on both sides of the Atlantic, it remained in the US charts for 138 weeks and cemented their reputation as the world's most successful hard-rock artists. Its' finest moment was arguably "Whole Lotta Love", which became a rock anthem and also appeared as a 45 single in the US, where it rose to No 4 despite the group's reservations. Practically all of 1969 and the first few months of 1970 were spent touring. They played the Royal Albert Hall on January 9. On February 28, they changed their name to the tongue-in-cheek title of The Nobs after Eva von Zeppelin threatened litigation for using her family's surname, if they performed in Denmark. She never followed through with her threat in any subsequent tours. Upon their arrival for their concert at Mid South Coliseum on April 17, Mayor Henry Loeb of Memphis, Tennessee bestowed members of the band honorary citizenship of the city.

Before recording their next album, Page and Plant spent a few idyllic weeks in 1970 writing in a rustic remote Welsh cottage named Bron-Yr-Aur, later immortalised in two song titles. Led Zeppelin III was more folk-based than its predecessors, but still had a high quota of hard rock songs such as "Immigrant Song" and "Out On the Titles". "Immigrant Song" was released as a 45 single in the US, where it climbed to Number 16. The album also contained some superb acoustic material, and appeared in a variegated sleeve featuring an inner rotating disc. Though some music critic reviews were typically indifferent, sales were again outstanding and it topped the charts on both sides of the Atlantic. Led Zeppelin headlined The Bath Festival of Blues and Progressive Music on June 27, with an audience of over 150,000 in attendance. By now, with The Beatles having split and The Rolling Stones in tax exile, Led Zeppelin was indisputably the world's top rock group. This was confirmed on September 16, when the band was voted Top Group in the annual Melody Maker poll, ending the Beatles' unbroken eight year reign with that magazine.

Peak years

On March 5, 1971, Led Zeppelin began a series of "thank you" club shows for its British fans in response to their support in 1968. They agreed to play for the original admission fee for that year. Their tour of Italy was interrupted when a police-instigated riot on July 5, prematurely ended a concert at Vigorelli Stadium in Milan. Led Zeppelin IV, also known unofficially as Four Symbols or Untitled, released that year continued the practice of coupling hard rock songs like "Black Dog" and "Rock and Roll" (which climbed to Numbers 15 and 47 respectively in the US) with subtler material such as "The Battle of Evermore", which featured Sandy Denny and reflected Plant's ongoing preoccupation with Celtic folklore, and the ethereal "Going to California". The album also contained the band's 8 minute and 1 second magnum opus, "Stairway to Heaven", with its ballad-like verses and scorching lead break becoming the group's most identifiable anthem, which will populate "all time" song polls and radio airwaves for decades even though it is never officially released as a single. "Stairway to Heaven" is sometimes quoted as being the most requested FM radio song of all time. Led Zeppelin IV topped the album charts in the UK, but only reached Number 2 in the US, perhaps because of the radical decision not to list the band's name anywhere on the packaging. The band not only wanted the album to be untitled, but wanted nothing written on it; no credits or any text anywhere on the album, on its inside or outside sleeves. They released the album with no indication of who they were in order to prove that their music was the focal point. They were eventually talked out of it by Atlantic Records and there were credits added to the inside paper sleeve, but still, nothing was written on the front cover to identify the album or who put it out, and the album was left untitled by the band.

From late 1971 to all of 1972, was largely spent touring the world. Led Zeppelin played a charity concert at Hiroshima's Shiei Taiikukan on September 27, 1971 for victims of the atomic bombing and were awarded medals by the city. On February 14, they were refused admission to Singapore because of their long hair which the band refused to cut. They began their first and so-far only Australasian tour on February 16, culminating on a return trip to Mumbai, India to record with local orchestras. A planned concert at London's Waterloo train station had to be cancelled in July due to logistics problems involving train running times. Before the band commences their 1972 summer tour of the United States, Grant initiated the 90/10 policy on gate receipts with promoters and agents which becomes a standard percentage in the music industry, with almost no opposition due to the audience drawing power the band now had. The drawing power was confirmed when all 110,000 tickets for their 24-date December 1972-January 1973 UK tour sold out in just four hours.

Houses of the Holy was released in April 1973 and again topped the album charts on both sides of the Atlantic the same month. This was arguably their most diverse album, with tracks ranging from high energy rock to reggae, funk and folky ballads. It went further with experimentation than previous releases, with expanded tracks and versatile use of synthesisers and mellotron orchestration. Highlights of the album include the gothic "No Quarter" and the ballad "The Rain Song". The striking orange album gatefold cover of "Houses of the Holy" features images of children climbing up the Giant's Causeway in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, based upon Arthur C. Clarke's novel Childhood's End. Again the band's name was absent front the cover. It marked the band's first artwork with design company Hipgnosis. The month after its release, Led Zeppelin's concert at Tampa Stadium (now Houlihan's Stadium), Florida, on May 5, broke the US box office record, previously held by The Beatles for their 1965 Shea Stadium appearance. 56,800 people attended grossing for the band US$309,000. For the first time and on subsequent US tours, the group avoids long trips to interstate venues by road, by leasing a full-sized Boeing 720B jet, nicknamed "The Starship". In-line with an expanded stage show, the band's image also changed as members began to wear elaborate, flamboyant clothing. In July 1973 a series of performances at New York's Madison Square Gardens was filmed for possible inclusion in a future movie. During the final night's performance, US$203,000 of the band's money from gate receipts went missing from a safety deposit box at the Drake Hotel. It was the single highest theft from a deposit box in Manhattan's history and was never recovered. Over a million people saw their 34-date American tour, grossing over US$3 million. The band had begun on a project film during this tour and the extended 12 month break afterwards, at which time Robert Plant had minor vocal chord surgery and John Paul Jones considered leaving over the heavy touring schedule, but was persuaded to remain by Grant.

As their five year deal with Atlantic Records was about to expire, on May 10, 1974 the band and their manager launched their own Swan Song Records label and secured a distribution deal via Atlantic, signing artists including Bad Company, the Pretty Things, Maggie Bell, Midnight Flyer, Dave Edmunds, Sad Café and Wildlife. The record label's logo lettering used two stylised white swans, was set with a painting called Evening: Fall of Day (1869) by William Rimmer, featuring a winged Apollo rising from the earth at sunset. Extravagant launch parties were thrown at Chislehurst Caves in Kent (October 31), at New York's Four Seasons Hotel, and in Los Angeles and then, in March 1975, a lavishly packaged double album was released entitled Physical Graffiti. Containing tracks stretching back to the start of the decade alongside new material recorded at Headley Grange, this again exhibited their eclectic abilities, containing many fine songs, particularly the eastern inspired epic "Kashmir" and funky "Trampled Underfoot", which climbed to Number 38 in the US. At one point Physical Graffiti, which topped the album charts on both sides of the Atlantic, was selling at the rate of 500 copies per hour in one New York store alone, and on March 25 all six Led Zeppelin albums were on the Billboard Top 100 album charts. Led Zeppelin again toured the US in early 1975 and then in April, 51,000 tickets for three concerts at London's Earls Court sold out in two hours. They ended up playing five four hour shows there the following month accompanied by a display of laser beams, neon signs, light show, dry ice, and a 70,000 watt PA system not previously seen or heard on their previous UK tours.

Latter years

By now though, their monetary success was becoming almost counter-productive and in June they were forced into tax exile in Switzerland. A serious car crash on a Greek island mountainside in which Robert Plant and his wife were badly injured in August 1975, prevented any live appearances in the second half of the year. All tours were cancelled and Plant spent the rest of the year recuperating from his broken ankle, as a result of that accident. Unable to stay at length in the UK, the band reconvened in Malibu, California, where the forced hiatus allowed much of the material for their next album, Presence, to be composed. Presence was recorded within 18 days in November, in Germany, with Plant restricted to singing in a wheelchair, and again topped the album charts on both sides of the Atlantic on its release in April 1976. The sound gravitates towards more straightforward, guitar-based arrangements, departing from the acoustic ballads and intricate keyboard work featured on their previous albums. Though it eventually did not sell as many units as previous band releases, it contains two bona fide classics in the epic shapes of "Nobody's Fault but Mine" and "Achilles' Last Stand". Jimmy Page in later interviews has cited Presence as his favourite album.

Their long-awaited film The Song Remains the Same eventually premiered in New York on October 20, 1976. It featured lengthy live footage alongside individual fantasy sequences: John Bonham raced a dragster, Robert Plant rescued a fair maiden, John Paul Jones appeared as a masked night rider, while Page climbed a Scottish mountain on the shores of Loch Ness in search of Father Time. A double soundtrack album featuring live versions of "Rock and Roll", "Dazed and Confused" and "Stairway to Heaven", was released the same month and predictably topped the charts on both sides of the Atlantic, despite being far from the best recorded testament to their onstage talents circa 1973. Their 11th tour of the US to promote the album started on April 1, in Dallas, and was slated to extend for forty-nine concerts across America, for 1.3 million ticket holders. The band played before a crowd of over 76,229 at the Pontiac Silverdome in Michigan on April 30, breaking Led Zeppelin’s own attendance record set in 1973,, followed by a six night stint at Madison Square Garden in June. But by late 1977 Led Zeppelin had lost ground in the public spotlight particularly in the United Kingdom having been unable to tour for over 2 years, and the tragic death of Plant's 7 year old son Karac (July 26) forced the band to take further time off the road. Plant flew back to England and the rest of the tour was cancelled.Grant persuaded Plant to rejoin the band and in May 1978, had reunited to rehearse together at Clearwell Castle, in the Forest of Dean. They then played a pair of warm-up shows in Copenhagen, then their last UK dates, and their first since 1975, took place on August 4 and 11, 1979, when they attracted over 380,000 people to the Knebworth festivals in Hertfordshire with a 23 song set.

Their penultimate studio album, In Through the Out Door, was very different in style to its predecessors being heavily influenced by Jones' songwriting and use of synthesisers, and recorded at Polar Studios in Stockholm during December 1978. The standout tracks were "In the Evening", "Carouselambra" and "I'm Gonna Crawl". The album was released with six different sleeves, and débuted at Number 1 on the UK and US charts. As a result, Led Zeppelin's entire catalogue made the Billboard Top 200 album chart between the weeks of October 27 and November 3, breaking the band's similar previous 1975 feat. A brief, low-key European 14-day tour was undertaken in June and July 1980, featuring a redolent back-to-basics set, culminating at the Berlin Eissporthalle on July 7, 1980, where they concluded with a longer-than-usual version of "Whole Lotta Love". On September 24, 1980, Led Zeppelin met to begin rehearsals for an upcoming North American tour. Their career was brought to an abrupt finale when John Bonham accidentally asphyxiated in his sleep after a prolonged drinking session during rehearsals at Page's Old Mill House, Windsor property on September 25, 1980. Widely acclaimed as the greatest rock drummer ever, Bonham's unique sound would have been difficult to replace and the remaining members eventually announced the band's dissolution and the cancellation of a US tour, on December 4, 1980. "We wish it to be known that the loss of our dear friend, and the deep sense of undivided harmony felt by ourselves and our manager, have led us to decide that we could not continue as we were." To fulfil contractual commitments, the remaining members of the band decided to drop a chronologically ordered live anthology in favour of a career-spanning out-takes collection called Coda, which appeared in December 1982. It included two tracks taken from the band's performance at the Royal Albert Hall in 1970, one each from the Led Zeppelin III and Houses of the Holy sessions, and three from the In Through the Out Door sessions. It also featured a 1976 John Bonham percussion instrumental with electronic effects added by Jimmy Page, called "Bonzo's Montreux". With no longer a working band to promote, and Peter Grant in semi-retirement from the music industry, Swan Song Records was eventually wound up in late 1983.

Solo years and reunions

After the split, Plant, Page and Jones concentrated on developing their solo and production careers, though rumours of and actual reunions were never distant. In 1981, there were plans for both Page and Plant to team up with Alan White and Chris Squire of Yes to form XYZ (ex-Yes Zeppelin), but conflicting issues on who should manage the supergroup (Peter Grant or Brian Lane) and Plant's decision not to proceed, ended the project prematurely. On July 13, 1985 the three remaining members played a 20-minute set at the Philadelphia 'Live Aid' benefit concert at JFK Stadium, but were under-rehearsed and plagued by a lack of foldback. Rehearsals for a projected reunion and world tour in January 1986, were cancelled after replacement drummer Tony Thompson broke his arm in a motorway accident. There were also subsequent one-off reunions at the Atlantic Records' 40th anniversary concert at Madison Square Gardens (May 14, 1988), with Jason Bonham filling his father's shoes on drums, and at Jason Bonham's wedding reception (April 28, 1990).

As producer, Page spent most of the 1990s remastering the entire Led Zeppelin back catalogue including the two volume Led Zeppelin Box Set and 3 disc Remasters set. The Box Set set also included four previously unreleased tracks, including the song "Travelling Riverside Blues", with an accompanying video resulting in heavy rotation on MTV. In 1991, a reunion was discussed to promote these new compilation releases, involving drummer Mike "Puffy" Bordin, but Plant was not ready to commit. Page and Plant participated in two invitation-only MTV Unplugged concerts on August 25 and 26, 1994. The success of the venture later prompted the pair to undertake a year-long world tour with a Middle Eastern orchestra, comprising 115 concerts, reinterpreting Led Zeppelin songs. Led Zeppelin was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995 and received a Liftetime Achievement Award at the 42nd Annual Ivor Novello Awards in May 1997. Former manager Peter Grant passed away on November 21, 1995.Steve Albini produced an album of new Page-Plant compositions Walking Into Clarksdale, released in 1998, with a low-fi production to mixed reviews. Plant parted company with Page during 1999 to concentrate on his solo career, going back to his earlier R&B and West Coast roots. Page has never ruled out future reunions.

The RIAA announced on November 29, 1999 that the band were only the third act in music history to achieve four or more certified Diamond albums. VH1 named the group the #1 Greatest Artist of Hard Rock. A lavish four hour retrospective double DVD of Led Zeppelin was issued in 2003, and swiftly became the best-selling music DVD of all time. At the same time a double live CD, How the West Was Won, a live set recorded in 1972 that is superior in performance over The Song Remains the Same. It opens with the powerful "Immigrant Song" and contains a superb 24-minute version of "Whole Lotta Love" and many other classics from their first three albums. In 2005, Led Zeppelin received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and in 2006 was awarded the Polar Music Prize. Led Zeppelin were formally inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame in September 2006. On December 10, 2007 the surviving members of Led Zeppelin reunited (along with former drummer John Bonham's son Jason) for the Ahmet Ertegün charity tribute show at The O2 in London. Rumours persist of a future world tour, with millions of dollars from promoters on offer.

Cultural usage

Despite the public's ever changing tastes in musical styles, Led Zeppelin has managed to retain its popularity. The concert movie The Song Remains the Same is still a staple of midnight cinema screenings, and tunes like "Stairway to Heaven", "Kashmir", "Black Dog", Whole Lotta Love" and "Rock and Roll" are still in heavy rotation on classic rock broadcast playlists. In February 1989, Los Angeles radio station KLOS began an hour long regular broadcast of Led Zeppelin songs every night. On January 1, 1990, an FM radio station in St. Petersburg, Florida, WKRL, began broadcasting "Stairway to Heaven" for 24-hours as a prelude to an all Led Zeppelin format. In 2005, the magazine Guitar World conducted a readers poll in which "Stairway to Heaven" was voted as having the greatest guitar solo of all time. XM Satellite Radio launched XM LED on November 8, 2007, an artist-exclusive channel dedicated to Led Zeppelin. After much delay, Led Zeppelin's entire back catalogue was available for digital download via iTunes on November 13, 2007. Led Zeppelin has been the subject of many tribute CDs, notably Enconium: A Tribute to Led Zeppelin released in 1995. There have also been classical, reggae, jazz, heavy metal, and rockabilly artists who have also released tribute albums, and an all-"Stairway to Heaven" tribute CD by Australian ABC television programme Money or the Gun. Led Zeppelin has also been the subject of many cover bands, such as Lez Zeppelin, an all-girl tribute act.

The music of Led Zeppelin has been used on soundtracks, although the band have consistently been protective of issuing blanket licences. The first song to appear in any film was "How Many More Times", used in the Vietnam War-era movie Homer (1970), directed by John Trent. "Immigrant Song" has been the most widely used track, appearing in School of Rock, Shrek the Third and One Day in September. Others include "Communication Breakdown" in Small Soldiers and "Babe I'm Gonna Leave You" in the television series One Tree Hill. Two films which have used the most number of Led Zeppelin tracks have been Dogtown and Z-Boys with "Achilles Last Stand", "Nobody's Fault but Mine", and "Hots on for Nowhere" and the Cameron Crowe movie Almost Famous with "That's the Way", "Tangerine", "Misty Mountain Hop", "The Rain Song", and "Tangerine".