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...e is the length traveled by light in the reference medium of [[Free_space_(electromagnetism)#Classical_case|classical vacuum]] in the time interval of {{nowrap|1/299 7 ...um used to the reference vacuum, taken in SI units to be the [[Free_space_(electromagnetism)#Classical_case|classical vacuum]]. A [[Clausius-Mossotti relation|refracti

We can think of [[Free space (electromagnetism)|'free space']] as an infinitely wide box. Therefore if we take <math>L</m

[[Michael Faraday]], one of the fathers of [[electromagnetism]], had a strong dislike of hypothetical entities for which no convincing ex ...formative years of a generation of physicists who dedicated themselves to electromagnetism and who raised the ether to the status of one of the basic building blocks

...s Clerk Maxwell]] showed that both effects were aspects of a single force: electromagnetism. Maxwell surmised this in his ''[[A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism]]

...alileo, but those formulations considered only mechanical behavior because electromagnetism was not yet known.

|style="text-align:left"| [[Electromagnetism|Electromagnetic field]]

{{cite book |title=Electromagnetism: Theory and applications |author=A. Pramanik |url=http://books.google.com/b

...gnificant positive charge. The [[electron]]s which surround the atom are [[electromagnetism|electro-statically]] attracted to the nucleus due to their negative charge.

..., and a changing magnetic field causes an electric field ([[Faraday's law (electromagnetism)|Faraday's law]] of induction), respectively. So a time-dependent electric

| [[permeability (electromagnetism)|permeability]] || kg·m·s^&minus;2·A^&minus;2

...tp://books.google.com/books?id=behRnNRiueAC&pg=PA165&dq=macroscopic+frame++electromagnetism&lr=&as_brr=0&sig=ACfU3U3J6a2ZwvTOx7T3S6Zunptf9E9nxQ

It is assumed that they are connected to [[electromagnetism|electromagnetic]] interactions, as they rotate almost synchronously with th

...ron' in [[chemistry]], in the [[Standard Model]] of particle physics, in [[electromagnetism]] are connected, but from a practical standpoint vary with context. Perhaps

...he studied the seldom-taught [[James Clerk Maxwell|Maxwell's]] [[classical electromagnetism|electromagnetic theory]] and received his diploma in September 1896. During ...], a theory of time, distance, mass and energy which was consistent with [[electromagnetism]], but omitted the force of [[gravity]]. While developing this paper, Einst

: <math> \mu_0 </math> is the magnetic permeability of [[Free space (electromagnetism)|free space]]

...t ask how arbitrary concepts enter this view of reality. For example, in [[electromagnetism|electromagnetic theory]] one can introduce a [[vector]] and a [[scalar]] [[

...ry puzzling, as these effects could not be explained at all by classical [[electromagnetism| electromagnetic]] theory or by the "old" quantum theory. Soon after the fo

...t all, and describes all chemistry in terms of [[electron]] behavior and [[Electromagnetism|electromagnetic]] interactions.<ref name=caveat2>