Banking

Banking makes a major contribution to mature economies but banking crises can do them great damage. Bank regulation is a compromise between the avoidance of banking crises and the preservation of banking efficiency. Following the crash of 2008, proposals for regulatory reform are under consideration, and there are prospects of major changes to the structure of the world's banking industry.


 * For definitions of the terms shown in italics  in this article,  see the glossary.

History
The history of Eoropean banking had it its origins in the Italian City of Florence in the Fourteenth Centuries. The most successful of the Florentine bankers were the Medicis - a family that acquired respectability after generations of criminal activity. Among their innovations was the acceptance of "bills, of exchange", the banking  counterpart of a promissary note or IOU, which enabled traders to defer payment for a purchase. я

Basel I and Basel II recommendations
Responsibility for assessing risk was placed upon the banks and the credit agencies.