Egyptian Islamic Jihad

Egyptian Islamic Jihad was founded in the 1970s as a violent Islamist opposition to secular government. It paralleled Jamaat al-Islamiyya in that many of its members belonged to the Muslim Brotherhood but regarded it as too moderate, and that many of the EIJ members eventually affiliated wit al-Qaeda and other organizations with a scope beyond Egypt. It is not known to have carried out an operation in Egypt since 1993. In general, however, it appears to be dormant or have been superceded. It was founded by Abd al-Qadir bin ‘Abd al-‘Aziz, who was replaced by Ayman al-Zawahiri; the two have accused one another of plagiarism.

During its active life, it was involved in the
 * Participation, in the 1980s, in the civil wars in Afghanistan and Iraq
 * 1981 assassination of President Anwar Sadat Sadat in 1981;
 * 1993 assassination attempts on Egyptian Prime Minister Atef Sedky and Interior Minister Hassan al-Alfi;
 * 1995 bombing of the Egyptian embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan;
 * 1995 failed assassination attempt on Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 1995;
 * 1998 failed bombing attempt on the U.S. embassy in Albania

It is unclear if it was involved in the 1998 East African embassy bombings.