Fishing sinker

A fishing sinker or plummet is a weight used to increase its rate of sink, anchoring ability, and/or casting distance of Fishing bait or a fishing lure. Fishing sinkers may be minutely smaller for fly fishing applications, as small as 1/32 of an ounce for shallow water applications, or as large as several pounds or more for deep sea fishing. They are molded into nearly innumerable shapes for diverse fishing applications. Environmental concerns surround the usage of most fishing sinker materials.

Types
In ancient times as well as sometimes today, fishing sinkers consisted of materials found ordinarily in the natural environment, such as stones, rocks, or bone. In the ordinary case today, however, sinkers are made of lead, since the material is inexpensive to produce and mold into a large variety of shapes for specific fishing applications.

For example, pyramid sinkers, shaped as the name implies, are used when it is desirable to anchor on the bottom of water bodies. They are attached to the terminal end of fishing line by loops of brass. Another common type, barrel sinkers, feature a narrow hole through their length. Fishing line is threaded through the hole. Yet another common example of sinkers is split-shots&mdash;small round sinkers split half-way through and crimped at some point along the line&mdash;which are used for nearly innumerable applications. Sill another, bullet sinkers&mdash;bullet-shaped sinkers, as the name indicates&mdash;are used widely in Largemouth Bass fishing for rigging plastic worms "Texas-style".

Materials and environment
Human-originated lead is responsible for increases in lead found in water, which has resulted in the deaths of many waterbirds and other aquatic organisms. Due to concerns about such lead poisoning, most lead-based fishing sinkers have been outlawed in the U.K., Canada, some U.S. states, and all U.S. National Parks are now 100% lead-free zones. .

Since the disfavor of lead sinkers, steel and brass have been marketed as substitutes, although fishermen have not widely adopted them due to their additional bulk and cost over lead. A material introduced more recently, tungsten, is now in considerable use, especially among Largemouth Bass fishermen. Although several times costlier than lead, fishermen tend to view tungsten as desirable since it is denser than lead and thus provides equivalent weight at around half of the bulk of lead. The environmental effects of tungsten within water bodies, however, are essentially unknown, a concern that has naturally arisen due to the inevitably of loosing sinkers, irrespective of the material, during routine fishing.

"Junk" sinkers, such as heavy bolts and other chunks of throw-away metal, especially of steel, are occasionally used by especially those fishing for catfish in freshwater.