Books of the Bible

Books of the Bible are listed differently in the canons of Jews, and Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox Christians, although there is overlap. Most modern editions in English follow either the Roman Catholic or the standard Protestant canon.

Old Testament (including Tanakh)
The Tanakh, or Jewish scriptures, have the following standard arrangement.

The Protestant Old Testament is identical to the Tanakh in contents, but different in arrangement. The usual Christian arrangement of both Old and New Testaments is into historical, teaching and prophetic (past, present and future). This is not usually made explicit in the tables of contents of English Bibles, though it is commoner in German and Latin ones. The Roman Catholic Old Testament includes additional books (marked here with *) and passages in other books (marked with †).


 * historical books
 * Pentateuch
 * Genesis
 * Exodus
 * Leviticus
 * Numbers
 * Deuteronomy
 * Joshua
 * Judges
 * Ruth
 * Samuel (2 books)
 * Kings (2 books)
 * Chronicles (2 books)
 * Ezra
 * Nehemiah
 * Tobit*
 * Judith*
 * Esther†
 * 1 Maccabees*
 * 2 Maccabees*
 * teaching books
 * Job
 * Psalms
 * Proverbs
 * Ecclesiastes
 * Song of Songs or Song of Solomon
 * Wisdom*
 * Ecclesiasticus or Sirach*
 * prophetic books
 * Isaiah
 * Jeremiah
 * Lamentations
 * Baruch*
 * Ezekiel
 * Daniel†
 * Hosea
 * Joel
 * Amos
 * Obadiah
 * Jonah
 * Micah
 * Nahum
 * Habakkuk
 * Zephaniah
 * Haggai
 * Zechariah
 * Malachi

The Eastern Orthodox Church has never considered it important to define a definite canon of scripture. On the whole, it theoretically recognizes only the Protestant canon of the Old Testament as fully canonical inspired scripture, but other works are regarded as part of the scriptures and in practice treated little differently. In addition to all the contents of the Roman Catholic canon, the following are regularly included in modern Eastern Orthodox printed Bibles:


 * 1 Esdras
 * 3 Maccabees
 * Psalm 151
 * Prayer of Manasseh

Many editions also include one or other of the following:


 * 2 Esdras
 * 4 Maccabees

Early Protestant Bibles and some more recent ones included the "extra" books of the Roman Catholic canon and some others in a separate section, usually between the Old and New Testaments and under the title Apocrypha, sometimes with notes explaining their inferior status. A similar practice is followed in recent ecumenical Bibles. Those usually included in addition are


 * 1 Esdras
 * 2 Esdras
 * Prayer of Manasseh

The standard printed editions of the Bible of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (which is Oriental Orthodox, not Eastern) adds the following to the Tanakh:


 * Enoch
 * Jubilees
 * Wisdom
 * 1 Esdras
 * 2 Esdras
 * Judith
 * Tobit
 * Ecclesiasticus
 * Baruch
 * additions to Jeremiah
 * additions to Daniel
 * 2 books of Maccabees, different from all those mentioned above

New Testament
In general, among Christian groups the New Testament canon is agreed-upon, although book order can vary. The listing here is the normal order in English Bibles.


 * historical books
 * Gospels
 * Matthew
 * Mark
 * Luke
 * John
 * Acts of the Apostles
 * teaching books: Epistles
 * ascribed to Paul
 * Romans
 * 1 Corinthians
 * 2 Corinthians
 * Galatians
 * Ephesians
 * Philippians
 * Colossians
 * 1 Thessalonians
 * 2 Thessalonians
 * Pastoral Epistles
 * 1 Timothy
 * 2 Timothy
 * Titus
 * Philemon
 * Hebrews
 * "Catholic" Epistles
 * James
 * 1 Peter
 * 2 Peter
 * 1 John
 * 2 John
 * 3 John
 * Jude
 * prophetic book: Revelation

The Ethiopian Orthodox Church has a few additional books in its canon: Jubilees, Book of Enoch, the Shepherd of Hermas, 1 Clement, Acts of Paul, and some uniquely Ethiopian books. There is a matter of some controversy as to what constitutes "canon" in this religious body. The Peshitta excludes 2-3 John, 2 Peter, Jude, and Revelation, but Bibles of the modern Syriac Orthodox Church includes later translations of those books. Third Epistle to the Corinthians was once considered part of the Armenian Orthodox Bible.