English irregular verbs

Regular verbs in English have four forms:
 * the base, which is equivalent to the infinitive without 'to' and most forms of the present tense (for example, wâit, to wâit, Î wâit: the accents, which are not part of the language, are included to show stress and pronunciation: see English spellings for a table and  English phonemes for the IPA. Words in italics suggest meaning, and an equals sign is placed between homophones
 * the -s form, which is used for the third person singular of the present tense (hê wâits, shê wâits)
 * the -íng form, used for the present participle and gerund (Î'm wâiting, wâiting ís bŏring; in most cases the base sheds any final e: compare sínging sing with síngeing singe *sínjing)
 * the past form, which is used both for the past tense and the past participle, and which consists of adding -ed to the base, or, in the case of verbs ending in -e, -d only (I waited, she has waited)

Irregular verbs also have these forms, and form the -s and -ing forms regularly: béar, béars, béaring. But the past tense and/or past participle are not formed regularly, as is the case with béar, bŏre, bŏrn (shê bŏre hím, hê was bŏrn). Others have associated passive adjectives like súnken, from sínk, sánk, súnk (súnken chêeks) and as in såwn-óff shótgun and neŵ-môwn låwns, and these are included here in cases where their form is different from the past participle (regular verbs with this feature are also included, and these forms are sometimes used in place of the regular past participle). Not all the forms are in common use: for example, people are still described as being behôlden to others, but the verb itself, behóld, meaning look at, is nowadays only used poetically or in jest.