English spellings/Catalogs/Retro S

* áz '''ás

-ráz '''whereás

* gáss '''gás

* ház '''hás

* Cánzus '''Kánsas

-såw '''Årkansås

* wóz '''ẁas

AmE *ërbs '''hërbs

-x -'''cs

'''theátrics

'''acrobátics

'''informátics

AmE esthétics, BrE '''aesthétics

'''athlétics

'''gymnástics

'''logístics

'''Nétherlands

-dz '''fŏrwards

words from Greek, etc: -êez -'''ês

'''Ándês

'''antípodês

-dz '''côdes

Rêece, etc. = '''Rêes

grab sêize = see '''sêes

-íz '''édges

-íz '''lódges

-íz '''Hódges

* ínchíz '''inches

* chürchíz '''chürches

-z hew heŵs = person '''Hûghes

-îz '''lúllabîes

-íz '''râbíes

* síəríz '''sêríes

-íz AmE wörríes, BrE '''wòrríes

'''enâbles

'''Vénables

'''míracles

'''îcicles

-êez '''Périclês

'''tésticles

-êez '''Sóphoclês

Lós = lóss lose; -íz '''Lós Ángeles

distance mîles = person '''Mîles

minimal pair: cf. shékels: '''sháckles

-lz '''Chàrles

minimal pair: êasels rhymes with '''mêasles

-lz '''mólecûles

-z '''Hërculês

-nz '''Bàrnes

'''Jóhn Mâynard Kèynes

'''Mílton Kêynes

* dúzz '''dòes

* gôze '''gôes

'''hêroes

* tôze '''tôes

-tôze '''potâtoes

plural of -sís in Greek-derived words (see English irregular nouns) -'''sês

cf. singular -síss parénthesís: plural -sêez '''parénthesês

cf. prîces *prîsíz: *crîsêez '''crîsês

* loôziz '''loses

'''glāsses

-zíz '''hòuses

-ssíz '''spòuses

homographs: -zíz analyse ánalŷses, -sêez analysis '''análysês

'''Sócratês

prompts cûes = lines '''queûes

'''âgûes

-gz '''lêagues

-sks '''mósques

'''hêaves

leave, leaf '''lêaves

have-nots '''háves

'''shâves

'''wâves

thief '''thìêves

'''Îves

'''gíves

-k- '''àrchîves

plural noun '''lîves

singular verb '''líves

knife '''knîves

'''arrîves

'''môtíves

wife '''wîves

calf '''càlves

half '''hālves

valve '''válves

elf '''élves

delve '''délves

shelf '''shélves

self '''sélves

one word, as with following: *òursélvz '''oursélves

* yŏrsélvz '''yoursélves

* dhəmsélvz '''themsélves

* wùlvz wolves

cf. dòves: '''drôves

hoof '''hoôves

scarf '''scàrves

* yéss '''yés

hoôves rhymes with '''roôfs

'''Hâstings

'''hústings

-gz '''dógs

'''parîahs

big sîze = sigh '''sîghs

-āffs '''lāughs

-óffs '''cóughs

-dhz: unvoiced -th becomes voiced -'''ths

-òudhz '''mòuths

-ûdhz '''yoûths

-ûdhz '''trûths

-íss unless noted -'''ís

* íz '''ís

* híz '''hís

plurals, no apostrophes, -íz: -'''ís

-íz '''Bangladéshis

-íz '''Bengålis

-íz '''Nepålis

-íz '''Isrâelis

-iz semifinals '''sémis

Dénnís = '''Dénís

-əss '''pênis

'''ténnís

-íz '''Sùnnis

-nŏy '''Íllinois

-kwà '''Iroquois

'''Párís

'''hûbris

cf. críss-cróss: Krís = Christopher Chrís

(ǒ in AmE) Hórace and Mórris (= BrE Maurice) all rhyme with Bóris, Dóris and '''lóris

'''Hárris

térrace rhymes with '''Férris

rhyming with Hórace, BrE Maurice = '''Mórris

'''Nórris

'''thêsis

cf. paréntheses: whether between parentheses (AmE; BrE brackets), square brackets (BrE; AmE brackets), commas or dashes, the words themselves constitute a '''parénthesis

Greek-derived words in -sís, *síss, have -sês, *sêez, to mark their plurals (see English irregular nouns): '''sýnthesis

'''némesis

'''Îsis

'''crîsis

'''thrombôsis

'''cirrhôsis

'''fibrôsis

-k- '''bronchîtis

'''nephrîtis

'''cystîtis

'''Dâvis

'''Mâvis

'''Trávis

'''Élvis

'''pélvis

'''áxis

'''prophyláxis

'''léxis

* nóx Knóx = '''knócks

'''loòks

'''spoôks

'''àsks

'''désks

'''rísks

'''túsks

-z '''sélls

-z '''húms

'''sáns

'''léns

words from Greek: -óss -'''ós

* kâyós '''châos

insect lòuse = nation '''Làos

-dôz tornâdos

'''rhinóceros

'''Monóceros

-pss '''hélps

'''oòps

'''whoòps

'''loôps

'''stoôps

'''schnápps

'''arrêars

'''úp and dòwn stãirs

'''dòwnstãirs

'''úpstãirs

heart cŏre = army '''cŏrps

-z '''stàrs

-z, no apostrophe: '''hërs

-z; lîars, trîers and buŷers rhyme with '''plîers

-z; bôres, BrE påuse, and påws rhyme with '''dŏors

gás rhymes with '''láss

'''máss

'''pāss

'''cráss

'''grāss

mostly -íss -'''ess

* áxéss '''áccéss

'''góddéss

'''cãreless

'''ûseless

'''hápless

'''hélpless

t can be silent in '''lístless

t can be silent in '''réstless

'''méss

suffix forming nouns, e as í or schwa: -'''ness

'''Lóch Néss

'''goòdness

* Dúnjənéss '''Dungenéss

cf. clêan: '''cléanliness

'''clúmsiness

'''nāstiness

'''lîonéss

'''Sheernéss

'''shŷness

'''dréss

'''tréss

'''mátress

'''áctress

'''wâitress

'''stréss

'''headmístress

cf. áccess *áxéss: '''asséss

silent u: '''guéss

'''kíss

'''míss

'''bóss

'''lóss

'''flóss

'''dróss

'''grôss

'''cúss

-tss '''cáts

'''Kêats

Yâtes = '''Yeâts

it is ít’s = of it '''íts

* úss, but usually weak: *əss '''ús

mostly -əss -'''us

-ss '''bús

'''súccubus

'''ábacus

'''fôcus

oôze rhymes with '''Híndûs

-kəss '''Bácchus

'''Sibèlius

'''Dêlius

'''Jûlius

both j-: cf. adjective ingênious: noun '''gênius

'''ignorâmus

'''hippopótamus

'''Hierónymus

j- '''gênus

-yoôz '''ménûs

for adjectives = -us mostly for nouns: -əss –'''ous

cåucus rhymes with '''råucous

-dəss: only in the following five words -'''dous

'''treméndous

'''stûpendous

'''horréndous

jép- '''jéopardous

'''házardous

-jəss '''outrâgeous

-jəss '''gŏrgeous

'''simultâneous

gênius rhymes with heterogêneous and homogêneous

'''pugnâcious

-êsh- '''spêcious

-ésh- '''précious

-ísh- '''vícious

'''uncónscious

relígious rhymes with '''sacrilegious

cf. noun gênius: adjective '''ingênious

'''pîous

'''censŏrious

kyù- '''cùrious

-ísh- '''fictítious

'''óbvious

'''prêvious

* ánkshus '''ánxious

'''jéalous

'''zéalous

'''màrvellous

'''ridículous

'''fâmous

ínfə- '''ínfamous

ánimus cf. '''ûnánimous

'''anónymous

'''epónymous

cf. vërtigo, hard g: g as j in '''vertíginous

'''glûtinous

'''glúttonous

'''scábrous

'''wòndrous

'''slānderous

'''thúnderous

'''mürderous

'''nûmerous

'''rígorous

'''vígorous

'''glámorous

'''hûmorous

'''pǒrous

'''vâporous

díz- '''disàstrous

'''mónstrous

can also be -terous: déxtrous and '''ámbidextrous

AmE súlfurous, BrE '''súlphurous

see -orous: no words end in -ourous

'''vácûous

'''disingénuous

'''fátûous

'''nërvous

* Bélla-Roôse '''Belarûs

cf. prósperous: '''phósphorus

'''rhêsus

'''cénsus

'''consénsus

'''sánctus

'''ríctus

-z '''jåws

irregular: *séz '''says

regular: *stâze '''stâys

-âze '''sîdeways

'''Gládýs

Sánds = '''Sandys

'''Cárýs

only in exceptional cases (such as the pop group The La's) used to form plurals; normally either a singular possessive or an abbreviation of ís: s

w-, plural ònes = possessive '''òne’s

or *híz '''hê’s

or *shíz '''shê’s

'''chíldren’s

possessive of final-s monosyllables: -'''s's

'''St. Jâmes's

'''Kêats's

Yâtes's = '''Yeâts's

of it íts = it is '''ít’s

-íes = -'''ý's