Poetevin-Séntunjhaes

Poetevin-Séntunjhaes or Parlanjhe (native names), also know as Poitevin-Saintongeais or Parlange (Standard French names), is a Romance linguistic variety spoken in midwest France, viewed either as a French dialect or as an independent Romance language.

Poetevin means “from Poitou”, Séntunjhaes means “from Saintonge”, parlanjhe means “the language, the way of talking” (implicitly, “our language”).

Territory
The Poetevin-Séntunjhaes territory, located in midwest France, comprises the following zones:
 * from a historical point of view, the traditional provinces of Poitou, Saintonge, Aunis and Angoumois.
 * from an administrative point of view: the official region of Poitou-Charentes and the department of Vendée (exactly: adjoining some strips of the departments of Loire-Atlantique, Maine-et-Loire, Indre and Gironde and without a western strip of Poitou-Charente—where Occitan is spoken—).

The whole linguistic domain of poetevin-séntunjhaes is sometimes named Aguiéne (native name) or Aguiaine (Standard French name): this is an old medieval name derived from Latin Aquitania.

Classification
All specialists agree on the fact that, within the Romance family, Poetevin-Séntunjhaes is a variety of Langue d'Oïl with an important substratum form Occitan.

But specialists disagree on wether Poetevin-Séntunjhaes is a dialect of the French language or an independent language.
 * According to the traditional classification of Romance linguistics, “French” and “Langue d'Oïl” are synonyms, both names designate one language, which includes several dialects. In this view, Poetevin-Séntunjhaes is a dialect of French or Langue d'Oïl.
 * According to a view supported by some linguists since the 1970's, there is not one Langue d'Oïl but several “Langue s d'Oïl” (in plural) and Poetevin-Séntunjhaes should be considered as one member of those Langues d'Oïl. “French” (the variety of Paris and Ile-de-France) would be another member of the same Oïl group. The supporters of Poetevin-Séntunjhaes usually claim this second conception. But most Poetevin-Séntunjhaes speakers and inhabitants of Aguiéne are unaware of this debate.

Genesis of Poetevin-Séntunjhaes
The early stages of Poetevin-Séntunjhaes are not very well known. They are related with the withdrawal of the Occitan language during the 14th and the 15th centuries.

Occitan was spoken at least until the 12th century in the southern half of the current Poetevin-Séntunjhaes territory: the language boundary went near the cities of Rochefort, Niort and Poitiers and Poitiers was probably Occitan-speaking (some scholars even suppose that, initially, Occitan could have covered all the current Poetevin-Séntunjhaes domain). From the end of 12th century on, Occitan began to withdraw progressively in front of the Langue d'Oïl; the current Oïl-Occitan boundary was probably stabilized in the 15th century.

In this zone of language withdrawal, Poetevin-Séntunjhaes emerged progressively in written documents as a variety of the Langue d'Oïl, bearing a lot of remnants of Occitan. Poetevin-Séntunjhaes may even have existed before the great language change, located north of the earlier Rochefort-Niort-Poitiers limit, but this is not sufficiently attested.

Current use
Poetevin-Séntunjhaes was used by the majority of the population until the beginning of the 20th century. Its use has dwindled dramatically in front of Standard French since the 20th century.

A cultural movement has developped since the 19th century in order to support the use of Poetevin-Séntunjhaes. Nowadays, Poetevin-Séntunjhaes is supported by various courses for adults and youngsters, by networks of speakers and cultural activists, by writers and singers.