English spellings/Catalogs/Retro S

* áz '''ás

-ráz '''whereás

* gáss '''gás

* ház '''hás

* Cánzus '''Kánsas

-såw '''Årkansås

* wóz '''ẁas

AmE *ërbs '''hërbs

-x -'''cs

'''theátrics

'''acrobátics

'''informátics

AmE esthétics, BrE '''aesthétics

'''athlétics

'''gymnástics

'''logístics

'''Nétherlands

-dz '''fŏrwards

piêces

* Pîsêez Pîscês

'''Ándês

'''antípodês

-dz '''côdes

Rêece, etc. = '''Rêes

grab sêize = see '''sêes

-íz '''édges

-íz '''lódges

-íz '''Hódges

* ínchíz '''inches

* chürchíz '''chürches

-z hew heŵs = person '''Hûghes

since around the beginning of the 21st century, there has been a tendency for younger BrE speakers to sound this ending as -êez instead of -íz: -'''íes

plural of lúllaby: -îz '''lúllabîes

-íz, -êez '''râbíes

* síəríz, *síərêez '''sêríes

-íz, -êez AmE wörríes, BrE '''wòrríes

* Léz '''Lés

'''enâbles

'''Vénables

'''míracles

'''îcicles

-êez '''Périclês

'''tésticles

-êez '''Sóphoclês

Lós = lóss lose; -íz '''Lós Ángeles

distance mîles = person '''Mîles

minimal pair: cf. shékels: '''sháckles

* Vérsŷe '''Versaîlles

* Marsây '''Marsèilles

-lz '''Chàrles

minimal pair: êasels rhymes with '''mêasles

-lz '''mólecûles

-z '''Hërculês

* Témz '''Thames

Jâmes

* Wídníss '''Wídnes

-nz '''Bàrnes

* Tótníss or *Totnéss '''Tótnes

'''Jóhn Mâynard Kèynes

'''Mílton Kêynes

* dúzz '''dòes

* gôze '''gôes

'''hêroes

* tôze '''tôes

-tôze '''potâtoes

plural of -sís in Greek-derived words (see English irregular nouns) -'''sês

cf. singular -síss parénthesís: plural -sêez '''parénthesês

cf. prîces *prîsíz: *crîsêez '''crîsês

* loôziz '''loses

-síz '''glāsses

-sêez '''Ûlyssês

-síz '''búses

verb -zíz '''abûses

noun -síz '''abûses

'''plúses

'''mînuses

-zíz '''hòuses

-zíz '''ròuses

-zíz '''blòuses

-ssíz '''spòuses

-zíz '''espòuses

homographs: -zíz analyse ánalŷses, -sêez analysis '''análysês

'''Sócratês

prompts cûes = lines '''queûes

'''âgûes

-gz '''lêagues

-sks '''mósques

'''hêaves

leave, leaf '''lêaves

have-nots '''háves

'''shâves

'''wâves

thief '''thìêves

'''Îves

'''gíves

-k- '''àrchîves

plural noun '''lîves

singular verb '''líves

knife '''knîves

'''arrîves

'''môtíves

wife '''wîves

calf '''càlves

half '''hālves

valve '''válves

elf '''élves

delve '''délves

shelf '''shélves

self '''sélves

one word, as with following: *òursélvz '''oursélves

* yŏrsélvz '''yoursélves

* dhəmsélvz '''themsélves

* wùlvz wolves

cf. dòves: '''drôves

hoof '''hoôves

scarf '''scàrves

* yéss '''yés

hoôves rhymes with '''roôfs

'''Hâstings

'''hústings

-gz '''dógs

'''parîahs

big sîze = sigh '''sîghs

-āffs '''lāughs

-óffs '''cóughs

-dhz: unvoiced -th becomes voiced -'''ths

brêathes rhymes with wrêaths

-òudhz '''mòuths

-ûdhz '''yoûths

-ûdhz '''trûths

-íss unless noted -'''ís

* íz '''ís

* híz '''hís

plurals, no apostrophes, -íz: -'''ís

-íz '''Bangladéshis

-íz '''Bengålis

-íz '''Nepålis

-íz '''Isrâelis

-iz semifinals '''sémis

Dénnís = '''Dénís

-əss '''pênis

'''ténnís

-íz '''Sùnnis

-nŏy '''Íllinois

-kwà '''Iroquois

Ãris

Hárris rhymes with Párís

'''hûbris

cf. críss-cróss: Krís = Christopher Chrís

(ǒ in AmE) Hórace and Mórris (= BrE Maurice) all rhyme with Bóris, Dóris and '''lóris

Párís rhymes with Hárris

térrace rhymes with '''Férris

rhyming with Hórace, BrE Maurice = '''Mórris

'''Nórris

'''thêsis

cf. paréntheses: whether between parentheses (AmE; BrE brackets), square brackets (BrE; AmE brackets), commas or dashes, the words themselves constitute a '''parénthesis

Greek-derived words in -sís, *síss, have -sês, *sêez, to mark their plurals (see English irregular nouns): '''sýnthesis

'''némesis

'''Îsis

'''crîsis

'''thrombôsis

'''cirrhôsis

'''fibrôsis

-k- '''bronchîtis

'''nephrîtis

'''cystîtis

'''Dâvis

'''Mâvis

'''Trávis

'''Élvis

'''pélvis

'''áxis

'''prophyláxis

'''léxis

* nóx Knóx = '''knócks

'''loòks

'''spoôks

'''àsks

'''désks

'''rísks

'''túsks

-z '''sélls

-z '''húms

'''sáns

Évans

'''léns

words from Greek: -óss -'''ós

* kâyós '''châos

insect lòuse = nation '''Làos

-dôz tornâdos

'''rhinóceros

'''Monóceros

-pss '''hélps

'''oòps

'''whoòps

'''loôps

'''stoôps

'''schnápps

'''arrêars

'''úp and dòwn stãirs

'''dòwnstãirs

'''úpstãirs

heart cŏre = army '''cŏrps

-z '''stàrs

-z, no apostrophe: '''hërs

-z; lîars, trîers and buŷers rhyme with '''plîers

-z; bôres, BrE påuse, and påws rhyme with '''dŏors

gás rhymes with '''láss

'''máss

'''pāss

'''cráss

'''grāss

mostly -íss -'''ess

* áxéss '''áccéss

'''góddéss

héadless

hêedless

'''cãreless

'''ûseless

'''hápless

'''hélpless

t can be silent in '''lístless

t can be silent in '''réstless

'''méss

suffix forming nouns, e as í or schwa: -'''ness

'''Lóch Néss

'''goòdness

* Dúnjənéss '''Dungenéss

cf. clêan: '''cléanliness

'''clúmsiness

'''nāstiness

'''lîonéss

'''Sheernéss

gòverness

Invernéss

'''shŷness

'''dréss

'''tréss

'''mátress

'''áctress

'''wâitress

'''stréss

'''headmístress

duréss

cf. áccess *áxéss: '''asséss

silent u: '''guéss

pròwess

'''kíss

'''míss

'''bóss

'''lóss

'''flóss

'''dróss

'''grôss

'''cúss

-tss '''cáts

'''Kêats

Yâtes = '''Yeâts

it is ít's = of it '''íts

e.g. clairvŏyants = clairvŏyance: -nce = -nts

* úss, but usually weak: *əss '''ús

mostly -əss -'''us

-ss '''bús

'''súccubus

'''ábacus

'''fôcus

'''Damáscus

'''díscus

oôze rhymes with '''Híndûs

'''Zeûs

-kəss '''Bácchus

-tious, -tius, -cious, sound like -shus

Horâtius

'''Sibèlius

'''Dêlius

'''Jûlius

both j-: cf. adjective ingênious: noun '''gênius

Sírius

'''ignorâmus

'''hippopótamus

'''Hierónymus

ânus

j- '''gênus

-yoôz '''ménûs

ônus

for adjectives = -us mostly for nouns: -əss –'''ous

cåucus rhymes with '''råucous

-dəss: only in the following five words -'''dous

'''treméndous

'''stûpendous

'''horréndous

jép- '''jéopardous

'''házardous

-jəss '''outrâgeous

-jəss '''gŏrgeous

'''simultâneous

gênius rhymes with heterogêneous and homogêneous

-shəss -'''cious

'''pugnâcious

'''loquâcious

'''spêcious

'''précious

auspícious

suspícious

'''vícious

'''uncónscious

relígious rhymes with '''sacrilegious

cf. noun gênius: adjective '''ingênious

'''pîous

ímpious

'''censŏrious

kyù- '''cùrious

-shus -tious

ambítious

propítious

'''factítious

'''fictítious

'''óbvious

'''prêvious

* ánkshus '''ánxious

'''jéalous

'''zéalous

'''màrvellous

'''ridículous

'''fâmous

ínfə- '''ínfamous

ánimus cf. '''ûnánimous

'''anónymous

'''epónymous

cf. vërtigo, hard g: g as j in '''vertíginous

'''glûtinous

'''glúttonous

'''scábrous

'''wòndrous

'''slānderous

'''thúnderous

'''mürderous

'''nûmerous

'''rígorous

'''vígorous

'''glámorous

bone hûmerus = funny '''hûmorous

'''pǒrous

'''vâporous

díz- '''disàstrous

'''mónstrous

can also be -terous: déxtrous and '''ámbidextrous

AmE súlfurous, BrE '''súlphurous

see -orous: no words end in -ourous

'''vácûous

'''disingénuous

'''fátûous

'''nërvous

pùss cf. '''pús

* Bélla-Roôse '''Belarûs

funny hûmorous (British as well as American) = bone '''hûmerus

vîrus

cf. prósperous: '''phósphorus

Bósporus

'''rhêsus

'''cénsus

'''consénsus

'''sánctus

'''ríctus

'''néxus

-z '''jåws

irregular: *séz '''says

regular: *stâze '''stâys

-âze '''sîdeways

'''Gládýs

Sánds = '''Sandys

'''Cárýs

only in some unusual cases (e.g. the pop group The La's) used to form plurals: normally either a singular possessive or an abbreviation of ís; many company names have dropped the apostrophe, leaving just a plural-looking -s: -s

w-, plural ònes = possessive '''òne's

or *híz '''hê's

or *shíz '''shê's

'''chíldren's

* hoôz of whom whose = who is '''who's

possessive of final-s monosyllables: -'''s's

'''St. Jâmes's

'''Kêats's

Yâtes's = '''Yeâts's

of it íts = it is '''ít's

-íes = -'''ý's

'''Bàrclaý's