English spellings/Catalogs/Retro S

* áz '''ás

-rázz, as if two words: '''whereás

* ház '''hás

* Cánzus '''Kánsas

-såw '''Årkansås

* wóz '''ẁas

AmE *ërbs '''hërbs

-êá- '''theátrics

-x '''athlétics

-x '''gymnástics

-x '''logístics

'''Nétherlands

-dz '''fŏrwards

words from Greek, etc: -êez -'''ês

'''Ándês

'''antípodês

-dz '''côdes

Rêece, etc. = '''Rêes

grab sêize = see '''sêes

-íz '''édges

-íz '''lódges

-íz '''Hódges

* ínchíz '''inches

* chürchíz '''chürches

-z hew heŵs = person '''Hûghes

-îz '''lúllabîes

-íz '''râbíes

* síəríz '''sêríes

-íz AmE wörríes, BrE '''wòrríes

Lós = lóss lose; -íz '''Lós Ángeles

distance mîles = person '''Mîles

minimal pair: cf. shékels: '''sháckles

minimal pair: êasels rhymes with '''mêasles

-z '''Hërculês

-nz '''Bàrnes

'''Jóhn Mâynard Kèynes

'''Mílton Kêynes

* dúzz '''dòes

* gôze '''gôes

'''hêroes

* tôze '''tôes

-tôze '''potâtoes

plural of -sís in Greek-derived words (see English irregular nouns) -'''sês

'''parénthesês

cf. prîces *prîsíz: *crîsêez '''crîsês

* loôziz '''loses

'''glāsses

-zíz '''hòuses

-ssíz '''spòuses

'''Sócratês

'''hêaves

leave, leaf '''lêaves

have-nots '''háves

'''shâves

'''wâves

thief '''thìêves

'''Îves

'''gíves

-k- '''àrchîves

plural noun '''lîves

singular verb '''líves

knife '''knîves

'''arrîves

'''môtíves

wife '''wîves

calf '''càlves

valve '''válves

elf '''élves

delve '''délves

shelf '''shélves

self '''sélves

one word, as with following: *òursélvz '''oursélves

* yŏrsélvz '''yoursélves

* dhəmsélvz '''themsélves

* wùlvz wolves

cf. dòves: '''drôves

hoof '''hoôves

scarf '''scàrves

* yéss '''yés

hoôves rhymes with '''roôfs

-gz '''dógs

'''parîahs

big sîze = sigh '''sîghs

-āffs '''lāughs

-óffs '''cóughs

-dhz: unvoiced -th becomes voiced -'''ths

-òudhz '''mòuths

-ûdhz '''yoûths

-ûdhz '''trûths

-íss unless noted -'''ís

* íz '''ís

* híz '''hís

plurals, no apostrophes, -íz: -'''ís

-íz '''Bangladéshis

-íz '''Bengålis

-íz '''Nepålis

-íz '''Isrâelis

-iz semifinals '''sémis

-əss '''pênis

-íz '''Sùnnis

-nŏy '''Íllinois

-kwà '''Iroquois

'''Páris

cf. críss-cróss: Chrís = '''Krís

(ǒ in AmE) Hórace and Mórris (= BrE Maurice) all rhyme with Bóris, Dóris and '''lóris

'''Hárris

térrace rhymes with '''Férris

rhyming with Hórace, BrE Maurice = '''Mórris

'''Nórris

'''thêsis

Greek-derived words in -sís, *síss, have -sês, *sêez, to mark their plurals (see English irregular nouns) '''sýnthesis

'''némesis

'''Îsis

'''crîsis

'''Dâvis

'''Mâvis

'''Trávis

'''Élvis

'''pélvis

'''áxis

'''léxis

* nóx Knóx = '''knócks

'''loòks

'''spoôks

-z '''sélls

-z '''húms

'''sáns

'''léns

words from Greek: -óss -'''ós

* kâyós '''châos

insect lòuse = nation '''Làos

-dôz tornâdos

'''rhinóceros

-pss '''hélps

'''schnápps

'''úp and dòwn stãirs

'''dòwnstãirs

'''úpstãirs

heart cŏre = army '''cŏrps

-z '''stàrs

-z, no apostrophe: '''hërs

-z; lîars, trîers and buŷers rhyme with '''plîers

-z; bôres, BrE påuse, and påws rhyme with '''dŏors

mostly -íss -'''ess

* áxéss '''áccéss

'''góddéss

'''cãreless

'''ûseless

'''hápless

'''hélpless

t can be silent in '''lístless

t can be silent in '''réstless

'''méss

suffix forming nouns, e as í or schwa: -'''ness

'''Lóch Néss

'''goòdness

* Dúnjənéss '''Dungenéss

cf. clêan: '''cléanliness

'''clúmsiness

'''nāstiness

'''lîonéss

'''Sheernéss

'''shŷness

'''dréss

'''áctress

'''stréss

'''headmístress

cf. áccess *áxéss: '''asséss

silent u: '''guéss

'''kíss

'''míss

'''bóss

'''lóss

'''flóss

'''dróss

'''grôss

'''cúss

-tss '''cáts

'''Kêats

Yâtes = '''Yeâts

it is ít’s = of it '''íts

mostly -əss -'''us

-ss '''bús

'''súccubus

'''ábacus

'''fôcus

oôze rhymes with '''Híndûs

-kəss '''Bácchus

'''Sibèlius

'''Dêlius

'''Jûlius

both j-: cf. adjective ingênious: noun '''gênius

'''ignorâmus

'''hippopótamus

j- '''gênus

-yoôz '''ménûs

for adjectives = -us mostly for nouns: -əss –'''ous

cåucus rhymes with '''råucous

-dəss: only in the following five words -'''dous

'''treméndous

'''stûpendous

'''horréndous

jép- '''jéopardous

'''házardous

-jəss '''outrâgeous

-jəss '''gŏrgeous

'''simultâneous

'''pugnâcious

-êsh- '''spêcious

-ésh- '''précious

-ísh- '''vícious

'''uncónscious

relígious rhymes with '''sacrilegious

cf. noun gênius: adjective '''ingênious

'''pîous

'''censŏrious

kyù- '''cùrious

-ísh- '''fictítious

'''óbvious

'''prêvious

* ánkshus '''ánxious

'''jéalous

'''zéalous

'''màrvellous

'''ridículous

'''fâmous

ínfə- '''ínfamous

ánimus cf. '''ûnánimous

'''anónymous

'''epónymous

cf. vërtigo, hard g: g as j in '''vertíginous

'''glûtinous

'''glúttonous

'''scábrous

'''wòndrous

'''slānderous

'''thúnderous

'''mürderous

'''nûmerous

'''rígorous

'''vígorous

'''glámorous

'''hûmorous

'''pǒrous

'''vâporous

díz- '''disàstrous

'''mónstrous

can also be -terous: déxtrous and '''ámbidextrous

AmE súlfurous, BrE '''súlphurous

see -orous: no words end in -ourous

'''vácûous

'''disingénuous

'''fátûous

'''nërvous

* Bélla-Roôse '''Belarûs

cf. prósperous: '''phósphorus

'''rhêsus

'''cénsus

'''consénsus

'''sánctus

'''ríctus

-z '''jåws

irregular: *séz '''says

regular: *stâze '''stâys

-âze '''sîdeways

only in exceptional cases (such as the pop group The La's) used to form plurals; normally either a singular possessive or an abbreviation of ís: s

w-, plural ònes = possessive '''òne’s

or *híz '''hê’s

or *shíz '''shê’s

'''chíldren’s

of it íts = it is '''ít’s

-íes = -'''ý's