User:Anthony.Sebastian/SebastianSandbox5

Hero
The late 4th and early 3rd century BCE Greek physician and human anatomist, Herophilus (335-280 BCE), lived during a brief period in the history of ancient Greece when the authorities of the city of Alexandria (founded by Alexander the Great in ~332 BCE) permitted dissection (and possibly vivisection) of the human body, a practice banned since the time Hippocrates of Cos earlier had introduced the principles of natural causes of disease as opposed to his forebears’ supernaturally based medicine. In part because of Herophilus’s pioneering work in studying human anatomy through dissection, and in part because of the extent and significance of his discoveries, many scholars have accorded him the accolade, “Father of Anatomy”. Von Staden considered Herophilus the ….first and greatest Alexandrian representative of scientific medicine.

Tree of Life
In his revolutionary 1859 book, On The Origin Of Species By Means Of Natural Selection, Or The Preservation Of Favoured Races In The Struggle for Life, Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882 analogized evolution as a "Tree of Life" in which the endless forms of extinct and living things emerged as if from branches upon branches of a tree springing from a single root:

 As buds give rise by growth to fresh buds, and these, if vigorous, branch out and overtop on all sides many a feebler branch, so by generation I believe it has been with the great Tree of Life, which fills with its dead and broken branches the crust of the earth, and covers the surface with its ever branching and beautiful ramifications.

 I request the reader to turn to the diagram illustrating the action, as formerly explained, of these several principles [of natural selection]; and he will see that the inevitable result is that the modified descendants proceeding from one progenitor become broken up into groups subordinate to groups. [italics added]

allo
In their book on the endocrine factors in nagging, Derek Chadwick and Jamie Goode characterize allostasis as follows, and contrast it with homeostasis:

 Speaking generally, allostasis is distinct from homeostasis in maintaining a compensated equilibrium rather than a physiological equilibrium: stability is maintained at a price. The allostatic set point is abnormal relative to the homeostatic set point, the system is inherently less stable, and it has a relatively narrow dynamic range. Finally, a system in allostasis leads to pathology whereas a system in homeostasis does not.

theoret biol

 * Biometrika - Biometrika is primarily a journal of statistics in which emphasis is placed on papers containing original theoretical contributions of direct or potential value in applications. From time to time, papers in bordering fields are also published. http://www3.oup.co.uk/biomet/


 * Rivista di Biologia / Biology Forum - Rivista di Biologia / Biology Forum is an international journal for theoretical biology. It was founded in 1919 at the University of Perugia ( Italy). Topics include: morphogenesis, evolution, genetics, biophysics, biomathematics. http://www.tilgher.it/biologiae.html


 * Theory in Biosciences - Theory in Biosciences, formerly Biologisches Zentralblatt, focuses on new concepts in theoretical biology. It also covers analytical or modelling approaches and the biophilosophy or history of ideas. Central topics are systems theory, systems dynamics, theoretical ecology, evolution, cognition, theoretical neurobiology, visual computation, simulation strategies, and bioethics. http://www.stockton-press.co.uk/tob/